In it, he revealed that the Congress of Berlin was having an impact on Africa nearly two weeks before the first group of delegates arrived in Germany. The main idea behind Social Darwinism is that the strongest and fittest survive. Social Darwinism applies biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology, economics, and politics. endstream
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It focused on eliminating undesirable traits from the population by preventing unfit individuals from having children. while multiplying its "desirables" -- that is, by This view was common in the nineteenth century, as a slave owner, Thomas Jefferson was found to think this way. This assumption was based on the fact that more civilized meant more technologically advanced. Every step of capital won made the next step possible, up to the present hour. ", Daniel For indeed, while the exploration of the valley of the Congo was the occasion of the scramble for Africa, the cause lay deeper. Nh mt khu. Students explore the intertwined personal stories of Jewish refugees who attempted to flee to the United States and the American rescuers who intervened on their behalf. We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races. Those who supported imperialism Rationales for Imperialism We get so used to it that we do not see its use. Imperialism In doing so they misrepresent and misappropriate Darwin's original ideas. 2022 AP student samples and commentary AP world history: But in our time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with the sincerity of this superior civilizing duty. Social Darwinism It gave a scientific veneer to a rabid psychotic belief. Expansion Was Everything Racism is considered to be one of the most important and difficult topics to be spoken about all over the world. WebPrompt 1: Evaluate the extent to which states strengthened and/or expanded control over colonies in the 1750 to 1900 time period. scientist Francis Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin, . Therefore humanity should embrace the natural course of history. WebAccording to the principle of Social Darwinism, only the strongest states would survive. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is entirely focused on an explanation of life's biological diversity. The idea of "social Darwinism" originated in Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is entirely focused on an explanation of life's biological diversity. WebSocial Darwinism Charles Darwin developed his Theory of Evolution during the mid-19th century as a way of understanding how different species changed over vast timespans. It is influenced by the society but it is determined by a single individual. It is a scientific theory meant to explain observations about species. World War II is a war that was caused by racism. So from the first step that man made above the brute the thing which made his civilization possible was capital. 4 0 obj It Hundreds of history documentaries, ad free podcasts and subscriber rewards. It has become a major problem for the nation during the years. The feudal ties can never be restored. But what about those who are unable to take care of themselves? And there are two basic types of society, ones organized by status and by contract. Social Darwinism has been used to justify imperialism, racism, eugenics and social inequality at various times over the past century and a half. They came to establish rules for dividing up Africathe only large landmass Europeans had not yet fully colonized. Essay on the Inequality of Human Races Head of the T4 programme (Image Credit: Bundesarchiv / CC). social darwinism was used to justify Imperialism because social darwinism was the idea that the stronger race would survive and the weaker would In the novella Anthem the main character receives his job or calling that he will do for the rest of his life (till hes old). . What do you think it meant to Jules Ferry to civilize the inferior races of Africa? ? What ideologies contributed to the development of imperialism? Darwin did not address human evolution in his most famous study, On the Origin of Species (1859), which focused on the evolution of plants and animals. It was openly embraced as promoting the notion that the strongest should naturally prevail, and was a key feature of Nazi propaganda films, some which illustrated it with scenes of beetles fighting each other. Explore resources that meet the California HistorySocial Science Framework standards. Nh mt khu. It broadly meant evolving from the barbarian stage of society to the industrial stage. Trump's Economy: Boom Times or Dangerous Bubble? WebSocial Darwinists believe in survival of the fittestthe idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better.Social Darwinism has been used to justify imperialism, racism, eugenics and social inequality at various times over the past century and a half. Darwinism WebHow did ideologies contributed to the development of imperialism? Darwinism, supporters of the 20th-century gtj2ms:nt3 C5akAnqS+ykT])q^4qCJdR}o}1G9f
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muIV+UE%ijD:r*tu;IG4 mGo?3E[y* *_[R%|iPBM3 %NE%etugiGk? However, Nazism and Social Darwinism were certainly intertwined in possibly the most famous example of perverted scientific theory in action. Germany needed to destroy the Soviet Union to gain land, eliminate Jewish-inspired communism, and would do so following the natural order. In the history of earlier centuries these duties, gentlemen, have often been misunderstood, and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race. strong in particular characteristics. Webng nhp bng facebook. Suddenly the world knew that here lay the key to the riches of Central Africa. Evolution: Darwin: In the Name of Darwin - PBS At the Congress of Berlin in 1884, 15 European powers divided Africa among them. of Eugenics, Daniel Kevles, ix-xiii. Timed-entry ticket reservations continue to be required for Museum entry. Many states passed laws that resulted in the forced sterilization of thousands, including immigrants, people of color, unmarried mothers and the mentally ill. And, is power about formal political institutions or does it reside somewhere else? Princes and paupers meet on this plane, and no other men are on it all. In our modern state, and in the United States more than anywhere else, the social structure is based on contract, and status is of the least importance. Often times the words social construct is thrown around in discussion and work without being defined or understood. Social Darwinism in European Imperialism The argument goes that Nazi Germany represented the logical progression of a godless world. 200 Central Park West . ng nhp . . How did Social Darwinism impact New Imperialism What Was the Sudeten Crisis and Why Was it So Important? Eugenics is the science of using artificial selection to improve genetic features of the population. The thought of improving the human race by manipulating who is allowed to breed can either be appalling or compelling. WebThe most important promoter of racial ideology in Europe during the mid-19th century was Joseph-Arthur, comte de Gobineau, who had an almost incalculable effect on late 19th-century social theory. But it seems impossible that any one who has studied the matter should doubt that we have gained immeasurably, and that our farther gains lie in going forward, not in going backward. ng nhp bng google. How Do We Know Living Things are Related. bJ GJ/FjC#UWMvS
{srpuhA@3TpoPJPj ==Sj-3Lj)LzsRaVZWrIFe5vp. Darwin believed that animal species was adapting and changing to environments in the process of evolution. the class stratification of England, Many European countries were practicing imperialism Imperialism Du Bois analysis of the profound consequences of Europe's colonization of Africa. Facing History & Ourselves uses lessons of history to challenge teachers and their students to stand up to bigotry and hate. Imperialism:) Flashcards | Quizlet It is a common argument of creationists such as Jonathan Safarti, where it is often deployed to undermine the theory of evolution. D. It encouraged colonization in order to obtain raw materials by, as he put it, getting rid of its "undesirables" On the other hand, a man whose labor and self-denial may be diverted from his maintenance to that of some other man is not a free man, and approaches more or less toward the position of a slave. Therefore, Social Darwinism was a contributing factor to aspects of European imperialism in Africa, such as: the Atlantic Slave Trade and the role of Belgian Copyright Despite being a highly universal theory, it is widely accepted now that the Darwinian view of the world does not transfer effectively to every element of life. with Belgium. Economical causes included materials and markets. encouraging the procreation of the social Darwinian C. It encouraged settler colonies in remote parts of the world. Charles Darwins 1859 book, On the Origin of Species revolutionised accepted thought about biology. Eleven days earlier, three Germans left Zanzibar (whither they had gone secretly disguised as mechanics), and before the Berlin Conference had finished its deliberations they had annexed to Germany an area over half as large again as the whole German Empire in Europe. This imperialist mood was directly influenced by They have the duty to civilize the inferior races. Initiated in 1939 by Hitler, the killing centres to which the handicapped were transported were precursors to the concentration and extermination camps, using similar killing methods. The most infamous instance of Social Darwinism in action is in the genocidal policies of the Nazi German Government in the 1930s and 40s. Only in its dramatic suddenness was this undisguised robbery of the land of seven million natives different from the methods by which Great Britain and France got four million square miles each, Portugal three quarters of a million, and Italy and Spain smaller but substantial areas. I believe that racism can be stopped in three ways. Portrait of Thomas Robert Malthus (Image Credit: John Linnell / Wellcome Collection / CC). Social Darwinism or Imperialism in History Imperialists used genetics as a justified explanation to why white people were more superior to other races. FRz<6lxRLi]Bb`n%h.X16K]9~O(+"_FCdW2zv When someone believes their race is better than another and feels superior ro other people because of his of her race, is called racism. Tax ID# 52-1263436, William Graham Sumner Was No "Social Darwinist", Economic Calculation In The Socialist Commonwealth, An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought, 2 Volumes, Economic Depressions: Their Cause and Cure, A History of Money and Banking in the United States Before the Twentieth Century, Man, Economy, and State, with Power and Market, The Austrian School of Economics: A History of Its Ideas, Ambassadors, and Institutions, Bourbon for Breakfast: Living Outside the Statist Quo, Busting Myths about the State and the Libertarian Alternative, Chaos Theory: Two Essays On Market Anarchy, Cronyism: Liberty versus Power in Early America, 16071849, Free Private Cities: Making Governments Compete For You, From Aristocracy to Monarchy to Democracy, It's a Jetsons World: Private Miracles and Public Crimes, Left, Right, and the Prospects for Liberty, Mises and Austrian Economics: A Personal View, The Myth of National Defense: Essays on the Theory and History of Security Production, No Treason: The Constitution of No Authority, Organized Crime: The Unvarnished Truth About Government, Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy, The Politics of Obedience: The Discourse of Voluntary Servitude, A Short History of Man: Progress and Decline, Vices Are Not Crimes: A Vindication of Moral Liberty, Reclamation of Liberties: Revisiting the War on Drugs, Inflation: Causes, Consequences, and Cure, Taxes Are What We Pay for an Impoverished Society, Why Austrian Economics Matters (Chicago 2011), The Truth About American History: An Austro-Jeffersonian Perspective, The Rosetta Stone to the US Code: A New History of Taxation, The Economic History of the United States, The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History, The American Economy and the End of Laissez-Faire: 1870 to World War II, Crisis and Liberty: The Expansion of Government Power in American History, Radical Austrianism, Radical Libertarianism, The History of Political Philosophy: From Plato to Rothbard, Microeconomics From an Austrian Viewpoint, The History of Economic Thought: From Marx to Hayek, The Life, Times, and Work of Ludwig von Mises, The Austrian School of Economics: An Introduction, Introduction to Economics: A Private Seminar with Murray N. Rothbard, Introduction to Austrian Economic Analysis, Fundamentals of Economic Analysis: A Causal-Realist Approach, Austrian Economics: An Introductory Course, Austrian School of Economics: Revisionist History and Contemporary Theory, After the Revolution: Economics of De-Socialization, The Federal Reserve: History, Theory and Practice, The Twentieth Century: An Austrian Critique, The Truth About War: A Revisionist Approach, The Economic Recovery: Washington's Big Lie, The 25th Anniversary Celebration in New York, How to Think about the Economy: Mises Seminar in Tampa, The Ron Paul Revolution: A Ten-Year Retrospective, Against PC: The Fight for Free Expression. WebSocial Darwinism was used to justify imperialism. Men, therefore, owe to men, in the chances and perils of this life, aid and sympathy, on account of the common participation in human frailty and folly.. It is a scientific theory meant to explain observations about species. WebAmerican Imperialism In The 19th Century 718 Words | 3 Pages. The Berlin Conference to apportion the rising riches of Africa among the white peoples met on the fifteenth day of November, 1884. That life once held more poetry and romance is true enough. This lead people to believe that certain races, such as white/European people, were the fittest of all the races. This gave rise to belief that there was a hierarchy of races and that the Europeans were at the top of the hierarchy. Never did Darwin suggest that this was meant to apply to humans and their societies, cultures and races. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> S;GQ:jNN;tT~Hi;,Iw({OozI7B~",Jf#[5X5FgLlK+p29g:V/kb%
:RH+nNtg8&jIvixxq4.>SKG[qv ~?vwv o\X+beOKs1_;1j:2Z"sv1#Oo},=K Those who supported imperialism believed that the places that were being colonized weren't as fit or as a strong as the imperial country was. This form of racism is popular amongst media today. . Social Darwinism in European Imperialism Term Paper It quickly became a taboo after World War II when Nazi Germany used it as an excuse for genocide. . The ideological motives for Imperialism were largely driven by social Darwinism, systemic racism, and European nations' belief in their superiority over the people of the countries they annexed. Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. Social Darwinism Designed by 123DOC, 2022 AP Student Samples and Commentary AP World History Modern Document Based Question 2022 AP World History Modern Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary 2022 College Board College Board[.] Are We on the Edge of the Economic Abyss? Sumner does not object to helping others. David Gordon is Senior Fellow at theMisesInstituteand editor of theMises Review. What motivated European nations to colonize Africa and Asia in the 1800s? That we have lost some grace and elegance is undeniable. Students deepen their thinking about memory and identity by reflecting on the stories of Holocaust and Armenian Genocide survivors and their descendants. The Father of History: Who Was Herodotus. A few months later, France took part in an international meeting known as the Congress of Berlin. 2022 AP World History: Modern Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Document-Based Question R Scoring Guidelines R Student Samples R Scoring Commentary 2022 College Board College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of College Board Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Question 1: Document-Based Question, Imperialism and Asian and African economies points General Scoring Notes Except where otherwise noted, each point of these rubrics is earned independently; for example, a student could earn a point for evidence without earning a point for thesis/claim Accuracy: The components of these rubrics require that students demonstrate historically defensible content knowledge Given the timed nature of the exam, essays may contain errors that not detract from their overall quality, as long as the historical content used to advance the argument is accurate Clarity: Exam essays should be considered first drafts and thus may contain grammatical errors Those errors will not be counted against a student unless they obscure the successful demonstration of the content knowledge, skills, and practices described below Evaluate the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row A Thesis/Claim Scoring Criteria points Does not meet the criteria for one point (0-1 points) point Responds to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis/claim that establishes a line of reasoning Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that not earn this point: Are not historically defensible Only restate or rephrase the prompt Do not respond to the prompt Do not establish a line of reasoning Are overgeneralized Responses that earn this point: Provide a historically defensible thesis or claim that establishes a position on the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries The thesis or claim must either provide some indication of the reason for making that claim OR establish categories of the argument Examples that not earn this point: Examples that earn this point: Provide a historically defensible claim, but not establish a line of reasoning Europeans imported raw materials from Asia and Africa. Establish a line of reasoning that evaluates the topic of the prompt States in Africa and Asia often saw their global trade heavily disrupted by European imperialism. Asian states often tried to prevent European imperialism from disrupting their economies but failed in doing so. Establish a line of reasoning, but not provide a historically defensible claim European imperialism did not greatly alter the traditional trading practices of African kingdoms and states. Do not focus on the topic of the prompt The First and Second World War strongly influenced anti-colonial efforts in Africa and Asia. Establish a line of reasoning that evaluates the topic of the prompt with analytic categories While European Imperialism certainly forced African and Asian economies to change, these changes often benefited local elites and Europeans. Establish a line of reasoning European Imperialism often negatively affected African economies. (Minimally acceptable thesis/claim) Additional Notes: The thesis or claim must consist of one or more sentences located in one place, either in the introduction or the conclusion (which may not be limited to the first or last paragraphs) The thesis or claim must identify a relevant development(s) in the period, although it is not required to encompass the entire period 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row B Contextualization (0-1 points) Scoring Criteria points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Describes a broader historical context relevant to the prompt Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that not earn this point: Provide an overgeneralized statement about the time period referenced in the prompt Provide context that is not relevant to the prompt Provide a passing phrase or reference Responses that earn this point: Accurately describe a context relevant to the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Examples that not earn this point: Do not provide context relevant to the topic of the prompt: States during the First World War produced propaganda to convince soldiers to fight. Examples of relevant context that earn this point include the following if appropriate elaboration is provided: European extraction economies, such as mining operations in Africa, developed European nations competed with one another for influence and territory in Africa and Asia Anti-imperialist movements were often strongly influenced by nationalism, such as in Thailand European nations often completed infrastructure projects in imperialized regions, such as the British building railroads in India The use of fossil fuels contributed to high demand for energy sources New imperialist, ideas such as the civilizing mission and Social Darwinism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, led European nations to take more direct control over states in Africa and Asia Provide a passing phrase or reference European Imperialism often perpetuated racial prejudice. Examples of acceptable contextualization: European nations in the late nineteenth century divided up Africa between them during the Berlin Conference. Additional Notes: The response must relate the topic of the prompt to broader historical events, developments, or processes that occur before, during, or continue after the time frame of the question To earn this point, the context provided must be more than a phrase or reference 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row C Evidence 0-3 points Scoring Criteria Evidence from the Documents points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Uses the content of at least three documents to address the topic of the prompt points Supports an argument in response to the prompt using at least six documents Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that not earn points: Use evidence from less than three of the documents Misinterpret the content of the document Quote, without an accompanying description, of the content of the documents Address documents collectively rather than considering separately the content of each document Responses that earn point: Accurately describerather than simply quotethe content from at least three of the documents to address the topic of European imperialism and/or economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Responses that earn points: Support an argument in response to the prompt by accurately using the content of at least six documents Examples of describing the content of a document: Examples of supporting an argument using the content of a document: (Document 5): The account by the Congolese refugee shows how the Belgian colonizers harsh demands for rubber production led to starvation and violence among the native population The account shows the extent of economic disruption brought to African society by imperialism. (Connects the content of the document to an argument about the great extent to which European imperialism disrupted or even destroyed some African economies) (Document 6): Ndansi Kumalos account shows the devastation of traditional African economies by imperialism, by relating how the Ndebele were forced into wage work for the White settlers in mines and farms, where they were subjected to high taxes. (Connects the content of the document to an argument about the extent to which imperialism transformed and disrupted traditional African economic activities) Describe evidence from the documents relevant to the topic but not use that evidence to support an argument (Document 2) The graph shows that there was a big reversal in the trade between 1810 and 1830, with India exporting less cloth to Britain and importing much more cloth from Britain. Additional Notes: To earn points, the response does not have to use the six documents in support of a single argument-they can be used across sub-arguments or to address counterarguments 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Row C (continued) Evidence Beyond the Documents: points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Uses at least one additional piece of the specific historical evidence (beyond that found in the documents) relevant to an argument about the prompt Responses that not earn this point: Provide evidence that is not relevant to an argument about the prompt Provide evidence that is outside the time period or region specified in the prompt Repeat information that is specified in the prompt or in any of the documents Provide a passing phase or reference Responses that earn this point: Must use at least one specific piece of historical evidence relevant to an argument about the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Examples of specific and relevant evidence beyond the documents that earn this point include the following if appropriate elaboration is provided: British investment projects, such as the building of railroads in India and Africa Large-scale European-driven infrastructure projects, such as the building of the Suez Canal Economic modernization initiatives taken by Asian and African states, such as the Meiji Restoration in Japan The forced expulsion of ethnic groups from traditional land, such as during the Herero genocide or the displacement of Arab and Berber populations in French Algeria The use of military force to require Asian and African states to alter their trading patterns, such as during the Opium Wars Examples of evidence beyond the documents relevant to an argument about the prompt: The British opium trade in China eventually led to the Opium wars, during which Britain used its military to force China to agree to unequal trade agreements. (Provides a piece of evidence not in the documents relevant to an argument about the prompt) Local elites often cooperated with European forces for their own benefit, even though those agreements did not necessarily benefit their subjects For instance, Egypt cooperated with France and Britain to build the Suez Canal, but many Egyptian workers suffered and died during the construction. (Provides a piece of evidence not in the documents relevant to an argument about the prompt) Additional Notes: Typically, statements credited as evidence will be more specific than statements credited as contextualization To earn this point, the evidence provided must be different from the evidence used to earn the point for contextualization To earn this point, the evidence provided must be more than a phrase or reference 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row D Analysis and Reasoning Scoring Criteria Sourcing points Does not meet the criteria for one point point For at least three documents, explains how or why the documents point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience is relevant to an argument Responses that not earn this point: Explain sourcing for less than three of the documents Identify the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience but fail to explain how or why it is relevant to an argument Summarize the content or argument of the document without explaining the relevance of this to the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience Examples that not earn this point: Responses that earn this point: Must explain how or whyrather than simply identifyingthe documents point of view, purpose, historical situation, or audience is relevant to an argument that addresses the prompt for each of the three documents sourced 0-2 points Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Identify the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience, but not explain how or why it is relevant to an argument The author of Document was a victim of the violence in the Belgian Congo. Summarize the content of the document without explaining the relevance of this to the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience In Document 2, the graphs show that Indian exports to Britain are declining while British exports to India are rising. Example of acceptable explanation of the significance of the authors point of view: (Document 1): The author of Document was a manager of a Dutch-government-owned sugar factory in Indonesia As a manager, it would have been his duty to report to his superiors about the damage that the Dutch Cultivation System has inflicted on the availability of Indonesian labor for his factory. (Connects the point of view of the author to an argument about the negative influence of Dutch imperial policies on the economy of Java) Example of acceptable explanation of the significance of the authors purpose: (Document 7): The purpose of the account is to document the cruelty of the Germans and the economic hardships placed on Africans working on the cotton plantations Because the account was given to African historians after Tanzania became independent, they would likely have wanted to emphasize the negative aspects of European imperialism. (Connects a plausible speculation regarding the purpose of the source to an argument about the extent to which European imperialism affected African economies) Example of acceptable explanation of the relevance of the historical situation of a source: (Document 4): The Ndebele ruler, whose territory was probably under a lot of pressure from White settlers as well as from neighboring African groups, likely thought that he had no choice but to trade away the right to mine raw materials in his country to the English in exchange for guns and a steamboat with which he could defend himself. (Connects the historical situation of the document to an argument about an economic change in Africa brought about by European imperialism) 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Row D (continued) Complexity points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Demonstrates a complex understanding of the historical development that is the focus of the prompt, using evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses the question Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that earn this point: May demonstrate a complex understanding in a variety of ways, such as: Explaining nuance of an issue by analyzing multiple variables Explaining both similarity and difference, or explaining both continuity and change, or explaining multiple causes, or explaining both causes and effects Explaining relevant and insightful connections within and across periods Confirming the validity of an argument by corroborating multiple perspectives across themes Qualifying or modifying an argument by considering diverse or alternative views or evidence Demonstrating complex understanding might include any of the following if appropriate elaboration is provided: Analyzing multiple variables, such as considering diverse or alternate perspectives or evidence For example, a response may explore multiple economic impacts of European imperialism on native societies, including physical exploitation of native labor, collapse of traditional economic activity, restructuring and realignment of elites, changes to gender roles as a result of new economic demands, etc (Explains nuance) Explaining relevant and insightful connections across time and space For example, a response may compare the effects of European imperialism seen in Documents and with the effects of imperialism in other colonial settings where large numbers of White settlers encroached on the territories of native peoplessuch as in Australia or Algeria Or a response may compare the exploitation of native labor for the extraction of resources, as seen in Documents 1, 5, and 7, with the exploitation of native labor through indirect imperialism in Latin America through forced labor systems such as indenture and debt servitude (Explains relevant and insightful connections) Corroborating multiple perspectives, such as explaining how European imperialisms economic effects were complex and affected different segments of Asian and African societies in different ways For example, a response might argue that, in addition to its destructive or disruptive economic effects, European imperialism in some cases benefitted parts of native societies through increased trade (Document 3), limited economic modernization (Document 1), strengthening of native elites (Document 4) or economic recovery after the initial disruption (Document 6) (Corroborates, qualifies or modifies an argument by considering diverse or alternative views or evidence) Additional Notes: This demonstration of complex understanding must be part of the argument, not merely a phrase or reference 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Document Summaries Document Summary of Content T.G Edwards, manager of a Dutch sugar factory in Java, letter to the Dutch colonial government on labor shortages, 1858 British East India Company, data reported to the British Parliament regarding the textile trade with India, 18101830 Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, The Cultivators of Bengal, article published in the Bengali press, 1872 Explains the relevance of point of view (POV), purpose, situation, and/or audience by elaborating on examples such as: Reports on the negative effects of the imposition of the Dutch Cultivation System on the availability of Javanese labor for the sugar factory Because of the demands of the Cultivation System, Javanese workers are subject to multiple labor demands, and the factory cannot get workers despite offering good wages The graphs show divergent trends for Indian textile exports to Britain and British textile exports to India: Indian exports to Britain are declining while British exports to India are rising The drop in Indian exports to Britain is particularly sharp for the calico and muslin cloth category, while the rise in British export to India is particularly great for the plain cotton cloth category States that the growing trade between India and Britain has led to an expansion of Indian agriculture, as India has become an exporter of agricultural commodities to Britain Acknowledges that the Indian cotton industry has collapsed because of cheap British cloth imports but suggests that the collapse can be managed by Indian weavers being more open to adopting other trades, such as cultivating rice The author of Document was a manager of a Dutch-government-owned sugar factory in Indonesia As a manager, it would have been his duty to report to his superiors about the damage that the Dutch Cultivation System had inflicted on the availability of Indonesian labor for his factory (POV, purpose) The Cultivation System was an attempt by the Dutch colonial authorities in the East Indies to force the native population to produce cash crops for the Dutch This reflected a general push to make colonies more profitable for Europe by extracting raw materials or commodities for export (situation) As Great Britain was becoming an increasingly industrialized country during this period, the purpose of the EIC providing this data to Parliament may have been in part to show that it was playing its part in providing markets for British industrial goods, the most important one of which was cotton textiles (purpose) Because of the system of Company Rule in India, the EIC, rather than the British government, had effective control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent That explains why it was the EICs responsibility to collect such trade information and report it to the British Parliament (situation) The publication of this perspective on the economic impact of Indias trade with Great Britain in an Indian (Bengali) newspaper was likely meant in part to challenge the Indian audiences notions of rigid caste distinctions By emphasizing that the reluctance to give up hereditary trades has become an economic liability, the author is urging Indians to loosen the rigid restrictions in their society in order to make India more adaptable to economic change (audience, purpose) The article suggests that Chatterjee shared the position of many educated Indian intellectuals at the time that India could benefit socially and economically from British rule He emphasizes the economic benefits of trade with Britain and the opportunities trade may bring for modernizing Indian society (POV, situation) 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines King Lobengula Khumalo, Contract with an English company over mining rights in Ndebele territory, 1888 Moyo, Congolese refugee, testimony for a Belgian investigation into abuses related to rubber collection in the Congo, 1904 Ndansi Kumalo, account of living conditions of the Ndebele in the 1890s, given to a British anticolonial activist, published in 1936 The ruler of the Ndebele enters into a contract with three British business associates of Cecil Rhodes mining company, awarding them exclusive mining rights in his territories, in exchange for a monthly payment, English rifles, and a promise to deliver a steamboat with guns on the Zambezi River Describes the hardships on the native population produced by the Belgian authorities cruel system of extracting rubber by imposing rubber production quotas on Congolese villages The villagers found it harder and harder to meet the quota, needing to go further and further into the jungle to find rubber trees As more members of village society, including women, had to work to make the rubber quota, cultivation of food crops was abandoned, and starvation set in The authorities did not reduce the quota and only provided token payments for the rubber Outlines the shifts in Ndebele economic activities after the end of the unsuccessful Ndebele revolt in 1897; the Ndebele had lost their cattle (traditional source of wealth) during the revolt and were forced into paid work for the White settlers, in mines and in agriculture In addition to that, the Ndebele were subjected to heavy taxes by the British colonial government, including a rent tax for allegedly living on White settlers land The Ndebele ruler, whose territory was probably under a lot of pressure from White settlers as well as from neighboring African groups, likely thought that he had no choice but to trade away the right to mine raw materials in his country to the English in exchange for guns and a steamboat with which he could defend himself (POV, situation) By emphasizing that various [other] persons and companies have sought the rights to mine in his territories, King Lobengula may have wanted to convey to Cecil Rhodes company that his company must abide by its obligations under the contract (purpose, audience) The Belgian authorities system of rubber extraction from the Congo reflects both the prevalent racial views in late-nineteenth-century Europe that saw Africans as racially inferior, and thus they were subjected to inhumane working conditions Europeans also recognized the economic importance of strategic natural resources such as rubber to Europes industrializing economies (situation) As an eyewitness account of a refugee from the atrocities it describes, Moyos account is likely credible in its description of the devastating economic and social toll of the Belgian rubber quota systems on Congolese villages (POV) As an oral history narrative recorded decades after the events it describes, Ndansi Kumalos account represents a long-term assessment of the social and economic effects of the Ndebele revolt on the Ndebele people As such it focuses on big changes, such as, the transition from subsistence cattle raising to wage work, especially in mining, and the transition to being integrated into the White-settler dominated economy of South Africa through the paying of taxes and using money (audience, POV) The context of the economic and social changes described in the document is the growing rate of White settlement in interior parts of southern Africa during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, encroaching on the lands of native peoples such as the Ndebele The discovery of gold, diamonds, and other resources in various parts of the region exacerbated this process (situation) 2022 College Board DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1B Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1B Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1B Page of .. .AP?