You will notice, though, that human beings do not cause the health: health itself is an outcome of nature. We get together and discuss TOK Exhibition Prompt 11: Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? Understanding is prior to interpretation. One of the possible approaches to this prompt is to distinguish between the implications of having or not having self-knowledge and of having or not having shared knowledge. no knowledge is permanent, and this is quite contrary to how the Greeks understood knowledge as in sophia and episteme; they understood that some things are permanent. Our cognition, our conscious awareness, is a type of representational thinking which, in the presentation or the experience, some thing we encounter comes to stand, to a standstill, is put in a position or place. There are few who would claim to have knowledge of what is going on in modern arts circles is another example. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . But even today, the principle of reason is not clearly understood as that which determines all cognition and behaviour. The truth of a principle can never be proved from its result. It'll help reduce work load for both students and teachers, while ensuring students get a deeper understanding and focus on the HL subjects. The principle to render sufficient reasons becomes the unconditional demand to render mathematically technically computable grounds for all that is: total rationalization. Judgements and statements are correct, that means true, only if the reason for the connection of subject and predicate is rendered, given back to the representing I. When we speak of bias we usually mean that it is the particular leaning one may have in order to bring about a pre-determined outcome, the production or bringing forth of which is determined to be a good end. For the interpretation of a result as a result is conducted with the help of the principle {the principle of reason}, presupposed, but not grounded. This is called perfection. 24. It is your job to examine the basis for these first-order claims. To what extent is objectivity possible in the production or acquisition of knowledge? . Any image of medicinal healing of any type can answer the questions of for whom (human beings) and for what purposes (health) because health is determined to be a good end or purpose and it has value for us. But if in our rendering, we are turning everything into objectness so as to seek its possibilities and potentials, from where will any recognition, responsibility or obligation arise? Thus, the choices of image or objects for this prompt, and the conclusions to be arrived at, are almost unlimited. 9. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? It is the old definition and understanding of justice: we render to others their due. Correctness as consistency means that a statement is deduced from another statement in accordance with the rules of reasoning. Again, the interpretation of the prompts provided here is an interpretation only and its purpose is to provoke thought on your part as to why you have chosen the images that you have chosen and what these choices provide your audience regarding your understanding of the world. What is unknowable is as such because it is unnameable. Here in Bali, the gods choose to show themselves more favourably so that a Balinese person would have no trouble concurring with the ancient Greek Heraclitus that everything is full of gods. The human soul, according to Plato, is in a state of ignorance but it strives to overcome this ignorance and become beautiful. Our common understanding of values is one hazily arrived at and derived from what Aristotle called The Ethics and, for Aristotle, these had to do with the actions of human beings in defining and achieving their ends, their desires and goals. Darwin and Nietzsche: Part 3: Truth as Correctness: Its Relation to Values. as an object. In order to put these questions to the things, the things must already be present and be presented to us in some way. 7. Ours has been an age of progress in that the knowledge that has been produced from the technological viewing of the world has brought about many benefits. Much like the fruit of a cherry tree is not the essence of the tree, the material tools of technology are not its essence. The doing and making of technology, what we understand as instrumentality, is secondary to how technology determines what a being or thing is in the first place. For prompt 2, youve stated that the concept of added value in economics could also be an object for this prompt. That is, the thing must give itself back to us as an object prior to our investigation of it. The obvious answer to the question of this prompt is yes, so in your Exhibition you will demonstrate what that knowledge is and how that knowledge changed our values and/or beliefs, presumably with regard to what was considered knowledge prior to it. If we speak of technology, the products of technology, our computers, hand phones, military hardware and logistics, these are all examples of the principle of reasons striving for perfectibility. Our understandings and interpretations of our experiences are, for the most part, culturally determined and this is what we have come to call shared knowledge. Such a lack of knowledge is not crucial to our well-being or survival. What has been determined that you should know if you wish to be a prosperous member of the society which holds that the kind of knowledge espoused is the most valuable to possess? Although historians cannot observe what happened in a laboratory nor do experiments to confirm their hypothesis, they have developed alternative methods to gather knowledge. It may be personal, expressing ones own particular life-experience and opinions (ones personal knowledge), or total, extinguishing all personal opinions (shared knowledge). rendered, and to whom or to what is a reason rendered? Your discussion requires that you use representational thinking (thinking in images) and inductive reasoning to move from the particular images or objects you have chosen, establish their relation to one another through analogy or metaphor, and then proceed to the general principles and key concepts contained in the prompt that you have chosen to demonstrate your knowledge of those principles and concepts. All dissemination of knowledge is, in one form or another, political since it deals with the community or the polis. The noun logos and the verb legein from the Greek mean to gather together, to lay one beside the other. image/object #1 is like or as image/object #2, and so on. A world-picture is usually a theoretical view of the external world, while a world-view is essentially a view of life, a view of our position and place in the world and how we should act (our lifestyle and the ethics that arise from that lifestyle). 13. HOW WHY WHEn tOK Exhibition By Hennd IA Prompt: Can New Knowledge change established values or beliefs? Notice the relation to prompt #1 and prompt #3: usefulness is that knowledge which may be counted on and relied on and, thus, may be found in our mathematical physics, etc. His speech is sophistry. This rendering is done through language of some kind. To conceive the self in terms of experiencing implies that it is either pieced together from intrinsically distinct, momentary experiences or as an underlying thread that persists unchanged throughout its experiences. From where do these obligations stem? Are some types of knowledge less open to interpretation than others? While this is not so much an issue for high school students, it will become very much an issue as they proceed in their education. This prompt is covered in greater depth under #17. The counting on and relying on are the metaphysics that undergird what is the essence of technology as it is defined in these writings. Technology itself is a disclosive looking and is not to be understood as manufacturing. However, such knowledge has also brought about many ills and challenges that we are now trying to overcome and must overcome if we are to sustain life on this planet. why must a reason be explicitly brought forward i.e. Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? 14. The Greeks had a saying: The future comes to meet us from behind and it is this future that is encapsulated in the historical development of the knowledge that preceded it. We do not acquire what can be called objective knowledge of nature as that was traditionally understood. Whenever we speak of the production of knowledge, we are speaking of the bringing forth of what was once hidden into presence so that we may see it face to face. If the first principle is the principle of reason, then the rest of ones discourse must be logically derived and the conclusions drawn from that principle. If it is not, it is subjective. They should also be applicable for other dealings with things, the things understood and delimited and defined by the project: from your three images or objects, it should be possible to expand the application of your interpretation to many other images or objects not included in the Exhibition. Clearly, not knowing how a hand phone works is not an indication of madness on our part, but then what is the knowledge that is being spoken about by Socrates? 'Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs | Clastify Theory of Knowledge : TOK Exhibition Written Commentary. The language and engagement in the conversation that is dialecticis not the attempt to out-argue someone, but getting ones partner in the conversation to open their eyes and see; dialectic is possible between friends, not between rivals; dialectic is not political. Opinion regards those things that can be otherwise and that is why it can be true or false. We have, of course, film critics, art critics etc. These have to do with communities. These conditions and contexts determine the actions that we will take regarding decisions which we have to make within the everyday experiences of our lives. If one accepts the premises, one must also accept the conclusions that are drawn from them. Withoutphronesisone develops misperceptions of things. One finds the best example of this metaphor in Shakespeares Macbeth and in the motif of sickness that runs throughout that play: Art not without ambition, but without/ The illness should attend it: what thou wouldst highly,/ That wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false, And yet wouldst wrongly win(Act 1 Sc. It may be useful to you to determine which prompts belong to the same sub-group in terms of their main theme. Correctness is understood as the translation of the Latinadaequatioand the Greekhomoisis. It is the object that determines the kind of knowledge that is most appropriate to it i.e. Prompt 11: Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? Opinion is the handing over of knowledge through language and what the thing is that is handed over. Technologys erosion of human being and its enclosing of the world (the opposite of disclosing) are offset by its ability to give us experiences. We can think of experience as an isolated, temporary experience or an inner, psychical event, intrinsically detached both from the body and from the external world. In TOK we are asked to put questions to what we think we know and how we think we know. In the examples that I frequently use from the Greeks, all of them are translations of that language. This system is called the technological in other areas of this writing. On a shop which sells Antique Hand Bags near here is a sign which reads: The Shop is not Open because it is Closed. TOK prompt- can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? M22 What the light of a project reveals are possibilities captured in the interpretation. It is concerned with the propernaming of the things. This reckoning is the procedure of doctors making their diagnoses regarding what is required in restoring health to a patient. To go into this matter here is much too complicated and I, frankly, am not sure that I am capable of it. The knowledge of physics, chemistry, electronics, etc. The IB should make IAs a part of only HL subjects. The author Such a lack of knowledge is not crucial to our well-being or survival. Since this is its concern, it is subject to interpretation. If we read the prompt in the light of such expressions as being in the picture, putting oneself in the picture, getting the picture which imply a complete mastery of what the picture is a picture of we see that world-picture essentially means not a picture of the world, but the world conceived as picture from within a framing. Ignorance is bad because it inhibits human beings from their true Being which is to reveal truth. The connection with life and the human sciences is explicit: Starting from life itself as a whole, human scientists try to understand its lived experiences in their structural and developmental inter-connections.We must be careful and wary of the notion of experiencing. Can New Knowledge Change Established Values or Beliefs OT 3: Knowledge and Politics Part 1. Hence, even though the movie proves how gaining personal knowledge can lead to a change in personal values and beliefs, it does not comply with all the families in the world. The belief of the first type is axiomaticin that it is based upon first principles or self-evident truths. Both Mary Shelleys novelFrankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus and Ridley Scotts film Prometheus are warnings of the implications of seeking some kinds of knowledge without considering the ends of such knowledge. Reasons must be rendered or handed over for the things which first give themselves to us. Part IX: Darwin/Nietzsche: Otherness, Owingness, And Nihilism: Nietzsche/Darwin Part VIII: Truth as Justice: 28. There may be some dispute over the language used to communicate these conclusions, but this is avoided when the language used is mathematical calculus. they must be given to us a priori. To regard moods or conscience as experiences ignores the way in which these moods disclose or how they open up for us our way of being in the world and our human being. After the mind has done so, the rendering of sufficient reasons is what counts as good evidence and a good explanation, and provides the justification for the knowledge claim made about the thing. The Natural Sciences: Historical Background; View all posts by theoryofknowledgeanalternativeapproach. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects It is an important element in the seeing place implied in the word theory and is that which one must rise above (according to Plato in the allegory of the Cave and Simone Weil in her writings) and yet remain, at the same time, rooted to (the return of the released prisoner in the allegory of the Cave). TOK.docx - Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs World-view comes from the German Weltanschauung which is formed from Welt, world, and Anschauung, view, etc., and means view of, outlook on, the world. What constraints are there on the pursuit of knowledge? What is considered unknowable is where the search for knowledge begins so that they can become known; but notice that they will become known as things. veers round into a quality of its own and then it becomes incalculable (Heidegger). Finally, you should also include appropriate citations and references. Knowledge as it is defined in the Oxford Dictionary involves facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It lacks evident correctness, evidence. https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/mytok.blog/3676, https://mytok.blog/2019/11/30/ct-1-perspectives-woks/. It can mean to learn, find out, hear of, but also to receive, undergo, something. The human observer becomes part of the system that is being investigated in the experiment and, ultimately, determines its outcome. 19. What role does imagination play in producing knowledge about the world? This prompt is covered in greater depth under #17. Knowing the audience is the recognition that we are beings in bodies. CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment. Paper: 'Woman's brain, man's brain: feminism and anthropology in late nineteenth-century France' are the questions that can be explored in the Exhibition. It is obvious that such seeing of possibilities and potentialities is dependent upon the techneof the technological viewing and those who proceed with unethical actions will do so because they believe some personal end which will bring about their own personal eudaimoniaor happiness will be the result, and they will do so under a sense of duty or be just following the orders of their superiors. 21. This is the process that you are attempting in your Exhibition, and your report to the IB on your Exhibition will demonstrate this. Since Descartes, the experience of human beings is as an I that relates to the world such that it renders this world to itself in the form of connections correctly established between its representations i.e. (cf. Your first step is to ensure that you understand what principles and key concepts are involved in the prompt you have chosen. In the global society of the future, these experts will be those who are able to put the discoveries of science to use i.e. -There were cruel beliefs linked with this system. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? We may gain our knowledge from parents, peers, teachers or others with whom we come in contact, but this knowledge must be made our own. To experiment is where we intervene in something to see what happens: if we do such and such, only now we do so in anticipation of regularity, e.g. Scepticism and doubt are the proper approaches to claims made by experts in many areas of knowledge. WebAlbert Einstein was born in Ulm, in the Kingdom of Wrttemberg in the German Empire, on 14 March 1879 into a family of secular Ashkenazi Jews. Sometimes we understand experience as the experience, sensation or buzz to be derived from, say, a drug or a rally (Jimi Hendrix Are You Experienced?). In connection with the historical development of natural science, things become objects through reason; they become material, and a point of mass in motion in space and time and the methodology used pursues the calculation of these various points. How one re-searches the historical developments within an area of knowledge will be determined byhermaneuticsand the de-constructionof language. The principle of reason is what is in operation when we say I get it! in English, for it is the manner in which we take something on, deal with it, perceive it. Similar explorations can be undertaken in the areas of the arts, particularly the history of the development of the arts. The demands of the principle of rendering sufficient reasons creates the lack of clarity and confusion in our actions, our ethics. The German philosopher Nietzsche once wrote: To stamp becoming with the character of being that is the supreme will to power (WP 617). the technological. This word has only recently come to prominence (19th century) and yet even the Pope himself uses this word when speaking of how Roman Catholics should be in the world. Is bias inevitable in the production of knowledge? A sufficient reason is both a demonstration and an explanation of some thing or event, but the thing or event must be made and become an object of inquiry a priori through the application of the principle of sufficient reason. 'Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs The first year TOK exhibition with written commentary and 3 objects Bookmark Download TOK Exhibition A Like it? they may provide a better description of the whence of the objects under examination. it is the point of something, the purpose or end goal of something from which we can add up the parts to make a whole. This prompt speaks to the reasons or grounds that some actions should not be taken prior to reflection on their being undertaken presumably because the ends of those actions are not good ends. It has the connotations of to live, or to live through. Hence, humanism arises at the same time as the world-picture, a philosophical interpretation of man that explains beings as a whole in terms of man and with a view to man. They are either accepted or rejected and no further discourse is possible about them. This calculus or reckoning is not only present in mathematics; it is the foundation or ground of the utilitarian principles of ethics. The students asked questions like 'What is the relationship between knowledge and culture?' or 'Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs?'. For more on the way of knowing involved in techne see the following links: Teacher Education is the experience of the leading out or leading forth, experience understood as, or of, an external, objective event, and the lessons one learns from such events. Each historical age has its own particular concept of greatness; and our concept of greatness is purely quantitative, the gigantic not only gigantic monuments, but the traversal of vast distances at immense velocities, etc. Can you explain it? If sufficient reasons are not given, we doubt the truth of the claim being made. This demand that reasons must be rendered is what is empoweringin the principle of reason. the book is on the table, etc. The a priori is not true or correct beyond the project which it helps to define: The a priori is the title for what we believe is the essence of things i.e. -Those beliefs were changed and replaced when the Constitution was signed -Shown through the object It was in direct conflict with that tradition which is known as the history of philosophy. Technology is our understanding of what it means to be, the way we understand what it takes for something, anything, to be. Human being does not have a constant, project-independent understanding of itself: it first understands itself, or understands itself anew, after the projection. What we call our knowledge requires that what we consider the knowledge to be must be rendered or handed over to others so that it may be justified and made secure. 8. The evidence is considered adequate when the idea in the mind corresponds to the object which is under investigation and that object gives us its reasons for being as it is. Bringing this pre-programmed response to light will help you in your search for self-knowledge in that how you interpret things i.e. Production is a process of combining various material inputs and immaterial inputs in order to make something for consumption. It is an awareness or a familiarity with a subject be it theoretical or practical. The why and the how, as well as the what are explained and this is usually indicated by our use of the word be-cause, the cause is. One can experience fear, for example, by feeling it or by witnessing it. He asserts that the American Constitution and his reading of the FederalistPapers#65 by Hamilton allow the President to act in any manner he deems fit regarding his re-election as long as that action is in the public interest. In your discussion, defining counts and knowledge will be crucial as well as demonstrating how the images you have chosen illustrate your interpretations of these key terms. may establish new rules or laws, and may clarify the existing rules or laws in relation to any objects or phenomena examined i.e. Knowledge and politics Press to see Commentary 1 -The caste system caused a division between Indians. Prompt 11: Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs?I know this will likely bother anyone who is interested in order and logic, but I've decided to break the order of prompts so I can publish them as I record them. The intention of this writing is to provoke thought on your part so that you are mindful of your choices and, hopefully, gain greater knowledge of who you are so that you will be able to make more aware judgements in the future about academic and ethical questions. The reasons provide both the evidence and the explanation. https://mytok.blog/2017/07/29/technology-as-a-way-of-knowing-computers/. Values involve ethics or choices and determinations of what are best ends, what is most useful primarily for the individual and also for the community; virtues involve politics, how to best live in communities. You used can in your questi. For example, the statement: Mathematical knowledge is certain is a second-order knowledge claim because it is about mathematical knowledge, and the tools that are suggested by this prompt will usually be related to the knowledge that is produced mathematically. You also create a document with the title of your IA prompt, images of the three objects, and you will also provide a commentary on each object that identifies each object and its specific real-world context. New knowledge then . According to Kant, our cognition renders sufficient reasons for the being of objects when it brings forward and securely establishes the objectness of objects and thereby brings itself to objectness, that is, to the being of experienceable beings. About calculus, Leibniz once wrote: When God reckons, a world comes into being; with the death of God it is, of course, human beings who do the reckoning that bring worlds into being, what we call perspectivism. Anyone who has been ill or has had loved ones who have been ill could not but be grateful for the improvements that have occurred in the medical sciences such as the discovery of penicillin. I have written at greater length about values, knowledge and truth in other sections of this blog and you can explore those writings should you choose to do so. It is a logical relation between two propositions that fails to hold only if the first is true and the second is false; or it can bea logical relationship between two propositions in which if the first is true, the second must also be true. Take a closer look at the IB curriculum that you are studying. This revealing or bringing out from concealment of what has been buried is the correctness of our representations or what we have come to call the correspondence theory of truth. Hence the gigantic of planning and calculating. what will be claimed and becomes knowledge. pistis [pstis]; Lat. This choice of images or objects is your own, but the truth and knowledge in the representational thinking regarding their relation to each other will not be of your doing or making. However, the soul in need of purification shuts itself off from such instruction because it feels it does not need the purification to begin with because it believes that it already knows. When we compare the latest I-Phones to what appeared previously, what counts for improvements are the greater number of apps that are applicable to making our everyday encounters more efficient and reliable. Whence means from where, when and speaks of the origins of the thing in question. Just as the essence of technology is not itself technological, so the essence of calculation and the calculable is not accessible to calculation. Change being negative and positive. Belief {Gk. To count is to reckon on or reckon up, to provide the sum of something, its total. (See particularly the comments by Heisenberg in the blogs on The Natural Sciences.). In order to know the audience so that ones knowledge can be communicated, the speaker of such knowledge must understand the human beings who are the hearers. -Those beliefs were changed and replaced when the Constitution was signed -Shown through the object What is objectivity? After having fought a Revolutionary War to replace someone who they believed was a tyrant (King George III), he claims that the USAs founding fathers wished to replace one form of tyranny with another. Your TOK exhibition is worth 35% of the grade. There are many examples from the medical professions. Do we really know what we mean when we say counts? can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects The axioms, principles, rules, laws, etc. The knowledge of the techne is his own or he has made that knowledge his own, but the production of knowledge, the products of that knowledge or the applications of the knowledge is through another and for another. Prompt 11: Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? How this conflict will be resolved is a matter for the future, but one cannot be optimistic regarding what the outcomes might be. Techneis a know how that is established and derived from a knowledge by acquaintance or epistemology. how the questions of what, how and why are sufficiently answered and the thing about which the claim is being made is sufficiently brought to light and handed over to others. But what about the things that are about us?