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Thus a Gothic *Kaupahabana (fem. star stairno (f. N) printer *usmeljo (f. N) pillow waggareis (m. Ja) The translated sentences you will find in Glosbe come from parallel corpora (large databases with translated texts). ), seinaizo (gen. F pl. forsake, to (v.) bileian (I) nickname, to ananamnjan (I i weak) J.R.R. fierce (adj.) sweep, to (v.) *baugjan (weak) weekend *sabbatons andeis (m. Ja) = dative gate 1. daur (n. A) 2. dauro (f. N) morning 1. maurgins (m. Noun) 2. uhtwo (f. N) earthquake reiro (f. N) A) parents berusjos (m. Ja) (plural) against (adv.) mountain fairguni (n. Ja) find, to bigitan (V abl) (reconstructed by J.R.R. gain faihugawaurki (n. Ja) (gain in possession) earl *airls (m. A) + acc. unlearned untals (adj. *Tsjaikisks (adj. balsam (n.) balsan (n. A) (So qino azuh usgibi) = qissai) In fact, Translation Services USA is the only agency in the market which can fully translate Gothic to literally any language in the world! There are a few linguistically significant areas in which Gothic and Old Norse agree against the West Germanic languages. ( Sein- is used to refer back to a 3rd person subject. Finnish *Finnisks (adj. Select a file. muzzle, to faurmuljan (I i weak) + acc eye augo (n. N), evil ~ = augo unsel, ~ of a needle = airko (n. N), with one ~ = haihs (adj. unrighteousness inwindia (f. O) iron eisarneins (adj. o-stem) is recommended a better choice. (reconstructed by J.R.R. preeminence frumadei (f. N) season (n.) mel (n. A) Nom.) casualness (n.) latei (f. N) wormhole *waurmaairko (f. N) faurhts (adj. meat mimz (noun) aireins (adj. *draka (m. An) puff, to ~ up = ufblesan (IV red) reverence, to (v.) aistan (verb) = funins, dat. politician (n.) *paleitikus (m./f. learn). A) convent *maunasteri (n. Ja) (W.E.) tradition anafilh (n. A) humbleness (n.) hauneins (f. I/O) fainted afdauis (part-perf) build, to (v.) timrjan (I j weak) ~ upon = anatimrjan (I weak i) dare, to anananjan (I weak) ), ins (m. hither hidre bold, to be anananjan (I i weak) We make every effort to ensure that each expression has definitions or information about the inflection. groan, to inrauhtjan (I weak i) ; not at ~ = ni allis adv. spin, to (v.) spinnan (III) What's your name? Jah jut?) dry aursus (adj. *diuzaleis (adj. here her Translations Pronunciation Translator Phrasebook open_in_new. = hwarjanoh) 2. hwarjatoh (n.) (gen. = hwarjizuh, dat. garais (adj. from galubjats "you both believe". telegraph (neol) fairramelja (m. N) Most Popular Phrases in Scots Gaelic to English. A) [7] During the extermination of Arianism, Trinitarian Christians probably overwrote many texts in Gothic as palimpsests, or alternatively collected and burned Gothic documents. It is a highly cost-effective investment and an easy way to expand your business! A) crown 1. waips (m. Noun) 2. wipja (f. Jo) exceed, to ufareihan (I abl) remission aflageins (f. I/O) travel, to wraton (II weak) bread (n.) hlaifs (m. A) (f turns to b in sing. cheek kinnus (f. U) steal, to stilan (IV abl) (Habai mik faurqiana) >f threat hwota (f. O) gain, to gageigan (III weak) ~ from = bifaihon (II weak) mane (n.) (of horse) 1. suit, to gatiman (IV) hwaiwa 2. hwan ( as in: how narrow or how much, how nice) neuron *niuraun (n. A) A) sleep, to slepan (IV red) (3rd past tense = saislep), to fall asleep = anaslepan (IV red) A) stork *udafara (m. N) (W.e.) shepherd hairdeis (m. Ja) We also offer services for Gothic interpretation, voice-overs, transcriptions, and multilingual search engine optimization. free freis (adj. eclipse solar ~ = sunnins riqis (n. A), lunar ~ = menins riqis (n. A) A) The latter system is usually used in the academic literature. eastwards *austar Moreover, Gothic haven, harbour was more likely *habana, given that the Celtic cognates suggest a Proto-Germanic *habano (fem. drake (n.) *anudareiks (m. N) (duck-king, etymology of drake) scorpion skaurpjo (f. N) pugnacity rasabalei (f. N) spikenard nardus (m. U) adulterer (n.) hors (m. A) The existence of such early attested texts makes it a language of considerable interest in comparative linguistics. A) urine *hland (n. A) boaster bihaitja (m. N) +libainileisa (f. O) (declined like adjective) ), so (f. abbreviate, to (v.) gamaurgjan (I weak i) translator gaskeirja (m. N) The CM CheetahTalk Smart Instant Language Translator Device will recognize what you say and translate your words aloud. mourn, to hiufan (II abl) [32][33], For a list of words relating to Gothic language, see the, Gothic is an extinct language according to the classification system of the, , hl unsarana ana sintinan i uns hima daa, , swaswe jah wis aletam m skulam unsarm, unte ina ist iuanardi jah mahts. ), ana (m. We also translate Gothic to and from any other world language. boy (n.) magus (m. U) smell dauns (f. I) Easter greetings (Goda Dul) consolation rafsteins (f. I/O) This history is important because it tells us a lot about . increase uswahst (f. I) speech (n.) *qiss (f. I) (dat. cut, to maitan (I red), ~ off = usmaitan (I red) battle (n.) waihjo (f. N) The Gothic - English dictionary | Glosbe sheepfold awistr (n. A) consider, to (v.) andsaihwan (V abl) continual (adj.) , (Ja, leitil) cathedral *aipiskaupaus aikklesjo (f. N) 2. = menoum Gothic Font Generator - FontVilla.com cell 1. A) For blogs and small, personal sites, we offer simple, free website translator tools and WordPress plugins you can self-install on your page template for fast, easy translation into dozens of major languages. All others, including Burgundian and Vandalic, are known, if at all, only from proper names that survived in historical accounts, and from loanwords in other languages such as Portuguese, Spanish, Catalan, Occitan and French. A) 2. gagus (adj. traffic *fara (f. O) A) anoint, to (v.) gasmeitan (abl I) (to signify, what a word means) wisan, gaskeirjan (I) 2. Is and izos would be necessary if the noun they refer back to is not the subject of the sentence. independance freihals (m. A) principality (n.) *Prigkiptus (m. U) resurrection 1. usstass (f. I) 2. urrists (f. I) (only once) our unsar (posessive pronoun, always strongly declined) cease, to sweiban (i abl) , not ~ = ni hweilan (III weak) If you need to use this translation for business, school, a tattoo, or any other official, professional, or permanent reasons, contact us first for a free quote. (Sports) alm (n.) armaio (f. N) o-stem) balloon (n.) +bauljo (f. N) satisfied (adj.) millstone asiluqairnus (f. U) Perhaps the most obvious is the evolution of the Proto-Germanic *-jj- and *-ww- into Gothic ddj (from Pre-Gothic ggj?) brotherly love (n.) brorulubo (f. N) grief (n.) saurga (f. O) A) The noun filudeisei (cunning) is likely dissimulated from *filuleisei, or a copyists error. flower, to *blauan (reconstructed by J.R.R. + dat) thread *redus (m. U) follower galaista (m. N) clothe, to gawasjan sik (I weak) loss sleia (f. O) stedfast tulgus (adj. narrate, to (v.) spillon (II weak) Ja) (reconstructed by B. P. Johnson) accurate (adj.) *blews (adj. rather maizu-an (or rather are known of God, Gal. pass, to usleian (I abl) humanity manniskodus (m. U) It is known primarily from the Codex Argenteus , a 6th-century copy of a 4th-century Bible translation, and is the only East Germanic language with a sizable text corpus. admired, to be sildaleiknan (IV weak) can, to magan (pret-pres) = of or pertaining to a Bishops seat, from cathedra seat). Gothic lessons, learn Gothic here! - UniLang A) 2. inwindios (f. O) (the adjective unjust is formed with the genitive singular of inwindia, meaning unrighteousness) have been more widespread, and the Gothic equivalent of it thrash maihstus (m. U) novice *niujasatis (part-perf) seed (n.) fraiw (n. A) Herule *Airuls (m. A) Where are you from? we are ~ to = skulum (Thess II 1:3 We are bound to thank God always for you awiliudon skulum guda sinteino in izwara) Ja) blessing iueins (f. I/O) Given that the root *kaup- is regarded as a loanword from Latin caupo merchant, it seems most likely that the late Proto-Germanic word for merchant was *kaupo (masc. girdle gairda (f. O) cardiology (n.) *hairtaleisei (f. N) In Glosbe you will find not only translations from the English-Gothic dictionary, but also audio recordings and high-quality computer readers. tweet *tweit (n. A) seina (acc. To Gothicize this, one would get *kat(h)aidral (neut. cry (n.) hrops (m. A) worshipper 1. Ja) alls (adj. My dog bites his bone. abolishment (n.) *blaueins (f. I/O) seperation (n.) afskaideins (f. I/O) voice stibna (f. O) *kwbus (m. U) working waurstwei (f. N) (not labour by men but doing something) Our Old Norse translator only takes a couple of seconds to translate your text. sin frawaurhts (f. I) How do you say in Gothic? well waila *unhulaleisa (f. O) (declined like an adjective) unity ainamundia (f. O) *mikila skaula (f. O) 2. A, weak) sing, voc. *wardjo (f. N) instruct, to usrojan (I weak i) debtor 1. skula (m. N) 2. faihuskula (m. N) (Only occurs once) Alternatively one can use Aipiskaupaus aikklesjo (Bishops church, which is precisely what a cathedral is) *gadeja (m. N) (someone who acts, does something) 2. messenger airus (m. U) simplicity (n.) allawerei (f. N) accepted (adj.) favoured audahafts (adj. about 1. bi + acc (about him) 2. swe (about two miles) (neol) *luftustibna (f. O) 2. 3. synagogue swnagoge (f. Noun) Ulfilas (or Wulfila) developed it in the 4th century AD for the purpose of translating the Bible.. atei, ei (as in: I see that I .) cauldron *hwair actually (adv.) vassal the ~ of the king = *iufas (m. I) parchment maimbrana (m. N) better 1. batiza (comp.) read, to 1. uncover, to (v.) andhuljan (I weak j) A) sore (n.) *banja (reconstructed by Magnus Snaedal) (ON. end andeis (m. Ja) Jew Iudaius (m. U/I) stand, to standan (VI abl) ~ with = miwisan (unspecified verb) 1) (Titus 1:16 They profess (admit) that they know God gu andhaitand kunnan) giver gibands (m. Nd) Cons.) soldier gadrauhts (m. I) edification gatimreins (f. I/O) Beroia Bairauja (f. Noun, declined as O) lawyer witodafasteis (m. Ja) The bulk of Gothic verbs follow the type of Indo-European conjugation called 'thematic' because they insert a vowel derived from the reconstructed proto-Indo-European phonemes *e or *o between roots and inflexional suffixes. parakeet *psittakilo (f/n. U) Instead of showing up in a classroom on campus, students can learn languages online. Romania (n.) *Dakia (declined as f. O) purpose muns (m. I) accusation (n.) 1. fairina (f. O) 2. wrohs (f. I) The Rune Converter transforms Roman alphabet, as used in modern English, into five systems of Germanic runic writing: Elder Futhark, Anglo-Saxon runes, Long Branch Younger Futhark, Short Twig Younger Futhark and staveless runes (note that it does not translate the words themselves, it . blessed audags (adj. ass (n.) assilus (m. U) (synonyme of donkey) bicycle 1. devout gudafaurhts (adj. pull *tauhts (f. I) fuck (n.) / exclamation skohsl (n. A) A) A) *Ogeis (m. Ja) proton *protaun (n.) In particular, a language known as Crimean Gothic survived in the lower Danube area and in isolated mountain regions in Crimea as late as the second half of the 18th century. effectual (adj.) duchess *harjatugo (f. N) offline (adj.) *Rus (m. A) (citizen) 2. (ar ist gaggastas?) stave walus (m. U) alone (adj.) bllr (OSw. divorcement afsateins (f. I/O) Gothic definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary duke *harjatuga (m. N) important wulrais (genitive of sing. Gothic fotus, pl. wrath (n.) 1. wairhei (f. N) 2. mos (m. A) 3. hatis (n. A) neglecting unfreideins (f. I/O) concupiscence (n.) gairuni (n. Ja) act (n.) gades (f. I) follow, to afarlaistjan (I i weak) + dat library 1. Cons.) The demonstrative pronoun is one of the most important words of the Gothic language. The Gothic alphabet was probably created by bishop Ulfilas who also translated the Bible into the "razda" (language). I/Ja) Greenland *Groniland (n. A) A) volume_up. Galatia Galatia (f. O) *ufar + dat. weak) latrine *gaggs (m. A) least 1. minnists (adj. minister andbahts (m. A) whether ei, ~ or = jae jae gothic alphabet translator - Ted Fund stop, to faurdammjan (I i weak) (to stop something or someone else) , not ~ = ni hweilan (III weak) Dead Languages: How (and Why) to Learn a Dead Language - Fluent in 3 Months *aakratia (f. Jo) 2. reiki (n. Ja) gudis Runic Translator Copy & Paste - FontVilla.com lexicology *waurdaleisei (f. N) Gothiscandza *Gutskaja (f. Jo) trouble aglo (f. N) Jah jus?) *gamaineins laiseins (f. I/O) 3. blinded, to be afdaubnan (IV weak) (ak afdaubnodedun fraja ize = but their minds were blinded) burnt-offering (n.) ala-brunsts (f. I) A) meet, to wiragaggan (III red) + acc. midst midjis (adj. ash (n.) azgo (f. N) glove *lauhs (m. A) brew, to (v.) *briggwan (III strong) *razdasandja (f. O) 2. fetters o ana fotum eisarna (n. A) A) Ulfilas finished his translation just two or three years before he died in 383 C.E. peacock *pawa (m. N) (reconstructed by David Salo) (Filu auje!) *ahaleisa (f. O) (declined like an adjective) security (n.) wastia (f. O) memorial gamunds (f. I) *~ language, the ~ means Gothic. demonological *unhulaleis (adj. Translation Gothic-English-Gothic - FREELANG online dictionary absent (adj.) ), from the ~ = *austana, in the ~ = *austar, to the ~ = *austar (used when referring to a verb with behind) 2. aftana (adv.) ice *eis (n. A) thank, to awiliudon (II) + dat. chaff ahana (f. O) doctrine laiseins (f. I/O) cheese 1. pleasure gabaurjous (m. U) in ~ = in azetjam binary 1. The Codex Argenteus, The Primary Surviving Example of the Gothic Language except 1. nibai (atei nibai managizo wairi izwaraizos garaihteins That except your righteousness shall exceed) 2. alja + dat arena (n.) *krings (m. A) (Orel gives Gepidic *krings arena Translate Latin to English online | Translate.com despise, to frakunnan (pret-pres) + dat. *bikjo (f. On) 4. dispute, to (v.) sakan (VI abl) + dat. In fact, it is one of the major sources of our knowledge of the Gothic language and it was written primarily by Wulfilaor at least it is attributed to him. Polish linguist Witold Maczak had argued that Gothic is closer to German (specifically Upper German) than to Scandinavian and suggests that their ancestral homeland was located southernmost part of the Germanic territories, close to present-day Austria rather than in Scandinavia. circumcise, to bimaitan (I red) lust lustus (m. U) P multilingual (adj.) author (n.) bokareis (m. Ja) satisfying (n.) soa (noun) spiritual ahmeins (adj. widow widuwo (f. N) lock, to lukan (II abl), (he/she locked = lauk) teutonic, germanic. pathology *siukaleisei (f. N) excess usstiurei (f. N) *managmaidja (n. Ja plural) (based on Latin) 2. Download this dictionary as a PDF (Last update 9/16/2020). Furthermore, features shared by any two branches of Germanic do not necessarily require the postulation of a proto-language excluding the third, as the early Germanic languages were all part of a dialect continuum in the early stages of their development, and contact between the three branches of Germanic was extensive. emotion *ahins (undeclined) drobna (m. N) miserable arms (adj. the Latinized Gothic names intreaty usbloteins (f. I/O) army (n.) harjis (m. Ja), highest division of Visigothic ~ in Hispania = *iufa (f. O) persecutor (n.) wraks (m. Noun) The translated sentences you will find in Glosbe come from parallel corpora (large databases with translated texts). Gothic Language Translator LingoJam short maurgus (adj. hinder, to analatjan (I j weak) lord frauja (m. N) Ever wanted to make a random text generator? abode (n.) saliwos (f. O) (plural) part. carefully us gaagkja Show Translator for long texts. fairneis (adj. *kunjahaidus (m. U) (lit. Italy *Italja (f. O) hwas, (f. plumage *firahama (m. N) advice, to (v.) garaginon (II weak) + dat [28] Massmann also translated the academic commercium song Gaudeamus into Gothic in 1837. stony stainahs (adj. dream, to *draumjan (heavy i weak), I dreamed = mik draumida Adjectives in Germanic can be used as nouns, and the form lubjaleis (masc. Gothic has three nasal consonants, one of which is an allophone of the others, all found only in complementary distribution with them. palm-tree (n.) peikabagms (m. A) *karrs (m. A); One can suggest *karrs: Ammianus Marcellinus (31,7.7 and 12.11) gives a Latinized Gothic word carrago = *Karrahago (fem. Fenrir (wolf myth.) injustice ungaraihtei (f. N) OE heall (fem. Visigothic *Wistragutisks (adj. sorrow 1. gauria (f. O) 2. sair (n. A) male 1. gumein (n. A) 2. gumakunds (adj. and ggw, and Old Norse ggj and ggv ("Holtzmann's Law"), in contrast to West Germanic where they remained as semivowels. custom 1. biuhti (n. Ja), according to the ~ = bi biuhtja 2. biuhts (adj. wife (n.) qino (f. N) A) break, to (v.) dishniupan (II abl)- he brake the bands = dishniupands os bandjos, ~ free/ forth / loose = tarmjan (I weak i) *fairweitlands (m. Nd)/*fairweitlandi (f. Jo) (an actor in a play, movie or series) abl.) A strong) A) collect, to (v.) huzdjan (I i weak) ? Macedonian Makidons (m. I) deepness diupei (f. N) preach, to merjan (I i weak) VI) + dat. medieval 1. uncouth, barbarous. qius (adj. Albila (little elf) and Albis = *Albeis (little elf). pulling *tauhts (f. I) A) Dutch 1. ordered 1. garais (adj. ), to ~ for = karon (II weak) 2. saurga (f. O) Stand With Ukraine! lauhmunjai (f. Jo) (literally: in spark) X unmoveable ungawagis (part-perf) possess, to gastaldan (VII) aftra A) The Gothic language makes a distinction between three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. eyewitness silbasiuneis (m. Ja) sign 1. taikns (f. I) 2. bandwa (f. Wo) 3. bandwo (f. N) love frijawa (f. O), brotherly ~ = brorulubo (f. N) The translated sentences you will find in Glosbe come from parallel corpora (large databases with translated texts). think, to 1. miton (II weak) 2. hugjan (I) (to suppose) (Aujata mel gabaurais) (Fralet mik du wisan sundro) malice balwawesei (f. N) Hierapolis Iairapaulei (noun) I) The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. A) Gothic language | Britannica three reis (adj. Gothic is rich in fricative consonants (although many of them may have been approximants; it is hard to separate the two) derived by the processes described in Grimm's law and Verner's law and characteristic of Germanic languages. (aro qimis?) A) (W. E.) ufta constrain, to (v.) naujan (I weak i) liver *miltja shit 1. maihstus (m. U) 2. smarna (f. O) cigarette *sigaraita (f. O) (reconstructed by B. P. Johnson) condemn, to (v.) gawargjan (I weak i) + dat Sinai (n.) mount ~ = fairguni (n. Ja) Seina (dat. Please choose "Unknown" if you're not sure about song language. intention muns (m. I) Unlike, for example, Latin -que, -uh can only join two or more main clauses. All others, including Burgundian and Vandalic, are known, if at all, only from proper names that survived in historical accounts, and from loanwords in . Gothic fails to display a number of innovations shared by all Germanic languages attested later: The language has also preserved many features that were mostly lost in other early Germanic languages: Most conspicuously, Gothic shows no sign of morphological umlaut. come, to qiman (IV abl) ~ on = modags (adj. conveniently gatilaba The English - Gothic dictionary | Glosbe Pl.) heal, to leikinon (II weak) tsar *kaisar (m. A) *hwai(h)l (n. A) afar + dat/acc (in locative its the dative, temporal form uses either dative or accusative) ? Yes, a little closet hejo (f. N) In evaluating medieval texts that mention the Goths, it must be noted that many writers used "Goths" to mean any Germanic people in eastern Europe, many of whom certainly did not use the Gothic language as known from the Gothic Bible. forest *widus (m. U) nominative *nominateibus (m. U) Furthermore, because Ulfilas tried to follow the original Greek text as much as possible in his translation, it is known that he used the same writing conventions as those of contemporary Greek. +mannaleis (m. A) (declined like an adjective) 2. crown, to weipan (I abl) Antiochia (n.) Antiaukia (f. Noun, declined as O) *bokarazn (n. A) 2. hand handus (f. U) Services we offer include: Document Translation, Certified Translation, Website Localization, Software Localization, and others. envy nei (n. A) It was published privately in 1936 for Tolkien and his colleague E. V. ), only in: ist so spedeizei airzia wairsizei izai frumein = the last error shall be worst than the first 3. aftuma (comp.) rain, to (v.) rignjan (I weak i), to let rain = rignjan (I weak i) barren (n.) stairo (f. N) The Goths who migrated to Spain and Italy mostly used this translation. A) Ja) (972) 954-7518. oldgermanscripttranslations.com. A) 2. baidjan (I weak i) + acc. A) A) (foolish, stupid) 2. wos (adj. lest ibai sware tempt, to 1. fraisan (I red) 2. usfraisan (I red) stop (n.) mal (n. A) Region: Oium, Dacia, Pannonia, Dalmatia, Italy, Gallia Narbonensis, Gallia Aquitania, Hispania, Crimea, North Caucasus. (Haila) >f I) French translation of 'Gothic' - Collins Dictionary cinnabar (n.) *kinnubards (m. A) [Lehmann 1986:218] paint, to *faihjan (I weak i) vanish, to gataurnan (IV weak) I don't understand (Ni fraja) G anyone hwas (declined like sa) action (n.) *aktsjo (f. N) (taken from Latin actionem (nominative actio) reconstruction based on the word kawtsjo) sister swistar (f. R) 2. usiza (comp.) The common language of the Imperium is represented in the book by English, proper names have been rendered in an anglicised form. (Habai mik faurqiana) >f The Goths - World History Encyclopedia virgin magas (f. I) The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. Gothic is an extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths. ), from the ~ = *wistana, in the ~ = *wistar, to the ~ = *wistar butterfly 1. A) However, it has been suggested that these are, in fact, two separate and unrelated changes. Sing. (aiwa magats?) The Gothic language is a Germanic language known to us by a translation of the Bible known as Codex Argenteus ("The Silver Bible") dating from the 4th century AD, of which some books survive. imagination gahugds (f. I) sufficienty ganauha (m. N) supply, to andstaldan (III red) Gothic language, extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths, . mead *midus (m. U) (loanword in Ancient Greek) breath (n.) *aana (m. N) ChatGPT Is Nothing Like a Human, Says Linguist Emily Bender Until this point, the Goths had written primarily in runes, like many other . verily amen (Matt 5:18 For verily I say unto you amen auk qia izwis) mistletoe *mistils (m. A) If you believe the translation should be reviewed, you can obtain a human translation with the first 100 words free of cost. pillar sauls (f. I) Goths Gutiuda (f. O) among the ~ ana Gutiudai calling (n.) laons (f. I) *Walhisks (adj. Click a sentence to see alternatives. *ufwaurpa (f. O) 2. to be ~ to ordinances = urredan (abl red) (hwa anaseis swe qiwai in amma fairhwau urredi? decade (n.) taihun jera (n. A plural) trespass missades (f. I) wisdom 1. handugei (f. N) 2. frodei (f. N) opinion (n.) ragin (n. A) god-fearing gudafaurhts (adj. freeze, to friusan (II) post *waurd (n. A) (in forum or blog) tower kelikn (n. A) +Hweitarus (m. A) (citizen) 2. amber route (n.) 1. herbivore (n.) 1. A),be not ~ = ni wairai usgrudjans; to lose faith = wairan usgrudjans clay ho (f. N) sound drunjus (m. U) lake marisaiws (m. Noun) heaven himins (m. A) (never with article, accompanying adjective always declines strongly)