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The result in Florida was so close as to trigger a statewide mandatory machine recount according to the Florida Election Code. Gore, like 2016 Democratic presidential nomineeHillary Clinton, won the popular vote and eventually lost the Electoral College vote in a brutal defeat against Bush. The project ended up using a sample that was 1,333 votes fewer than the expected total of votes, with most of the variation in Votomatic overvotes, the ballots least likely to yield votes in a recount. The organization analyzed 61,190 undervotes and 113,820 overvotes. Bush v. Gore, legal case, decided on December 12, 2000, in which the Supreme Court of the United States reversed an order by the Florida Supreme Court for a selective manual recount of that states U.S. presidential election ballots. Former Vice President Al Gore evoked the ghosts of the 2000 election -- when he battled Republican nomineeGeorge W. Bushfor the White House -- as reporters asked him to comment on the state of the 2020 presidential race between Democratic nomineeJoe BidenandPresident Donald Trump. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . AsNew York Magazinesreporter Andrew Ricewrites, many of the same characters from the 2000 presidential legal brawl are still involved. Rice points to Noel Francisco, the former solicitor general,Alex Azarthe current secretary of Health and Human Services,Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas)and three people who now sit on the nations highest bench: JusticesJohn Roberts,Brett KavanaughandAmy Coney Barrett. Bush v. Gore has been regarded as one of the most politically consequential decisions in the history of the court, and one that damaged the court's preferred image of itself as an institution far removed from everyday partisan politics. We have to believe that based on the vote totals elsewhere. Cerabino, Frank. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris's certification of the election results was thus upheld, allowing Florida's electoral votes to be cast for Bush, making him president-elect. The 2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida was a period of vote recounting in Florida that occurred during the weeks after Election Day in the 2000 United States presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore. a) running for congress b) writing about immigrants c) leading factor riots d) speaking against slavery. Q: When the votes were recounted in Florida, who won the 2000 presidential election? Print and broadcast media cited often contradictory exit-polling numbers, and the races in Oregon and New Mexico would remain too close to call for some days. At an NAACP-sponsored hearing in Miami four days after the election, prospective voters told of police cars blocking the way to the polls, of voters harassed by election workers. "[6] The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights found that an "overall lack of leadership in protecting voting rights was largely responsible for the broad array of problems in Florida during the 2000 election. Bush, against Democrat Al Gore, former senator from Tennessee and vice president in the administration of. There were punch-card ballots where the voters' attempt to make their choice had only succeeded in detaching a portion of the perforated paper ("hanging chads" ) or merely denting rather than removing the punch-out ("dimpled chads"). [78] Among the nearly 85,000 Votomatic overvotes in the sample, only 721 reclaimable votes were confirmed in the NORC study. No. Meanwhile, on December 6 the Republican-controlled Florida legislature convened a special session to appoint a slate of electors pledged to Bush, as the U.S. Constitution bestows upon state legislatures the duty to determine how its state's electors are appointed. Dispute over the butterfly ballot With Bush at 246 electoral votes and Gore at 266, the Florida results likely determined the outcome of the 2000 presidential election. Rick Scott did the same for the Senate seat. [78] The 175,010 ballots examined contained undervotes (votes with no choice made for president) and overvotes (votes made with more than one choice marked). At the time, Republicans expressed dismay at the idea of a recount. The answer to your question is-they could have decided to not send their electoral votes to Congress but they really wanted to send their votes as not sending them would have effectively disenfranchised everyone in Florida . From the beginning of the controversy, politicians, litigants and the press focused exclusively on the undervotes, in particular incompletely punched chads. After calling the race, the networks began getting phone calls from Republicans. It was ostensibly completed on November 10 in the 66 Florida counties that used vote-counting machines and reduced Bush's lead to 327 votes. Circle Countries that came under the rule of a fascist government and dictator before WWII began Expert Answers. State and Wire Reports, "State voter rolls: Election official finds more than 50,000 felons, 18,000 dead registered", recounting Florida's presidential ballots, 2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida, List of 2000 United States presidential electors, How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century, Voting Irregularities in Florida During the 2000 Presidential Election, "The Jeb Bush formula: How the staunch conservative learned to talk moderate and win", "THE 2000 CAMPAIGN: THE AD CAMPAIGN; In Sign Florida Is Now in Play, Bush Increases Buying There", "Did the Jewish Vote Cost Gore the Election? Immediately following the presidential election in 2000, a. votes were recounted in the state of Florida. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Also uncounted were many absentee, military and provisional ballots. [19]:215216 Also, before the election, the Secretary of State's office had expunged tens of thousands of citizens identified as felons from the Florida voting rolls, with African-Americans identified on some counties' lists at up to five times their share of the population. Q: Is the use of acetaminophen during pregnancy linked to autism or ADHD? The NORC adjusted its analysis for the Orange County results and a few minor differences by increasing the starting baseline vote total by 535 votes. These convoluted ballot designs led to calls for election and voting reform, and some states installed electronic voting machines to ensure greater accuracy in future elections. It would of taken too much time and money to do a complete re vote. Al Gore conceded the election to Bush, but disagreed with the US Supreme Court's ruling. Gore, legal case, decided on December 12, 2000, in which the Supreme Court of the United States reversed an order by the Florida Supreme Court for a selective manual recount of that state's U.S. presidential election ballots. As court challenges were issued over the legality of hand recounts in select counties, news stories were filled with the arcane vocabulary of the election judge. [11], In late October, one poll found that Gore was leading Bush and third parties by 44424 among registered voters and 46424 among likely voters, but that poll had a margin of error of four percentage points, making the race too close to call. Cantal Asia? ballots recorded by the assigned review coders as either having "multiple marks" or no punches in the presidential section of ballots, or having indications of voter intent (that meet dynamic filter criteria) recorded by just one of three coders. When we revisit the gut-wrenching night of Nov. 7, 2000, we recall that the TV networks looked at exit polls and sample swing precincts from Florida and declared it a win for Al Gore, who was the incumbent vice president and the Democratic nominee for president. This page was last edited on 31 January 2023, at 18:06. [81] Florida State University professor of public policy Lance deHaven-Smith observed that, even considering only undervotes, "under any of the five most reasonable interpretations of the Florida Supreme Court ruling, Gore does, in fact, more than make up the deficit". [23], Political commentator and author Jeff Greenfield observed that the Republican operatives in Florida talked and acted like combat platoon sergeants in what one called "switchblade time", the biggest political fight of the century. Specifically, the use of different standards of counting in different counties violated the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. On December 4, the U.S. Supreme Court returned this matter to the Florida Supreme Court with an order vacating its earlier decision. Of these 4842 excluded ballots, 4513 had been set aside by the canvassing board for later inspection by a court (which never happened). do not count any votes for the marked candidate (9): count votes for the punched candidate if the write-in is an uncertified person's name, On November 8, Florida Division of Elections staff prepared a press release for Secretary of State. Is this statement in any way correct? He and his legal team will need to produce solid evidence of it. 03.06 Elections and Voting. The Palm Beach County recount and the Miami-Dade County recount (having been suspended) were still incomplete at 5:00p.m. on November 26, when Harris certified the statewide vote count with Bush ahead by 537 votes. 7 terms. Unlike the much-discussed Palm Beach County butterfly ballot, the Duval County ballot spread choices for president over two non-facing pages. Networks initially projected Gore the winner in that state but later declared that Bush had opened an insurmountable lead. Democrats claimed that many of these were not felons and should have been eligible to vote under Florida law. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Nationally, Bush had won 246 electoral votes; Gore had won 260. . For the results of the subsequent election, see United States presidential election of 2004. Although their conclusions were similar, the Miami Herald study and the later and larger study came up with different numbers, evidence of the uncertainties involved. There were two write-in candidates for president who had been qualified by the state of Florida. Updates? Lawyers for the two sides began arriving in Florida, focusing on the state capital of Tallahassee. [4], An analysis of the NORC data by University of Pennsylvania researcher Steven F. Freeman and journalist Joel Bleifuss concluded that, no matter what standard is used, after a recount of all uncounted votes, Gore would have been the victor. [4] Once it became clear that Florida would decide the presidential election, the nation's attention focused on the manual recount. The decision was extremely controversial due to its partisan split and the majority's unusual instruction that its judgment in Bush v. Gore should not set precedent but should be "limited to the present circumstances". The next day, the Florida Supreme Court allowed manual recounts in Palm Beach and Broward Counties to continue but left it to a state judge to decide whether Harris must include those votes in the final tally. Sauls also rejected Gore's contest of the election result on December 4, and Gore appealed that decision too. ^2 2 The 2000 election resulted in numerous court battles over contested ballots and recounts. As more votes were tallied, Gore narrowed Bushs lead to less than 2,000 votes, which pushed for an automatic recount in the state as the margin was so tight. A larger consortium of news organizations, including USA Today, The Miami Herald, Knight Ridder, The Tampa Tribune, and five other newspapers next conducted a full recount of all machine-rejected ballots, including both undervotes and overvotes. The uncertain nature of the later studys findings, which could well apply to both, was aptly and poetically expressed by Palm Beach Post columnist Frank Cerabino: Cerabino: Like sorting grains of sand on a windy day, getting a definitive recount of Floridas votes in last years presidential election has turned out to be an exercise in frustration. When the Florida Supreme Court ordered a statewide recount of remaining uncounted undervotes, it stipulated that the incomplete results from Palm Beach and Miami-Dade Counties that had been rejected by Katherine Harris be counted. Among those making that call were ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN, Fox News and The Associated Press. On November 13 the Gore campaign and Volusia and Palm Beach Counties sued to have the deadlines extended.[13]. He shared his displeasure with someone who was likely to offer a sympathetic ear John Ellis, a Fox analyst and member of the extended Bush family. In comparison, counties that used paper ballots scanned by computers at voting places (in order to give voters a chance to correct their ballot if it had an error) had just 1 in 200 uncountable ballots. On the other hand, he said, Democrats talked like referees with a fear of pushing too hard, not wanting to be seen as sore losers. a swing state with challenged votes. As USA Today said of the findings on May 11, 2001: USA Today: George W. Bush would have won a hand recount of all disputed ballots in Floridas presidential election if the most widely accepted standard for judging votes had been applied. [36], The project's goal was to determine the reliability and accuracy of the systems used in the voting process, including how different systems correlated with voter mistakes. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Technically, the voters of Florida cast their ballots for electors, representatives to the Electoral College. A result of the US recession that began in 2008 was. [78][80], Based on the NORC review, the media group concluded that if the disputes over the validity of all the ballots in question had been consistently resolved and any uniform standard applied, the electoral result would have been reversed and Gore would have won by 60 to 171 votes (with, for each punch ballot, at least two of the three ballot reviewers' codes being in agreement). The only exception: African-Americans. But in 2000, the prize was the presidency of the United States. What can the events of 20 years ago teach us about the 2020 election? Conservatives claimed that the same ballot had been successfully used in the 1996 election;[18] in fact, it had never been used in a Palm Beach County election among rival candidates for office. The instructions on the sample ballots said "Vote every page". I don't understand why the Supreme Court couldn't have just let it proceed? Gore had first called Bush to congratulate him on his victory, called again to rescind the concession. While Democrats did make their way down to Florida, there was nothing like the certainty or the passion that ignited Republicans. In its opinion, the Supreme Court cited several areas where the Florida Supreme Court had violated both the federal and Florida constitutions. What did the U.S. Supreme Court decide in, https://www.britannica.com/event/Bush-v-Gore, Cornell University Law School - Bush Versus Gore, Bush v. Gore - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), sample butterfly ballot from Florida, 2000. The standards considered by BDO Seidman were: The study notes that because of the possibility of mistakes, it is difficult to conclude that Gore would have won under the strict standard or that a high degree of certainty obtained in the study's results. Treating the petition as a writ of certiorari (a formal request for review), the Court agreed to take up the case, Bush v. Gore. Was there anything else that he could have done? In the Election of 2000, Florida was. About 10 p.m. EST on December 12, the United States Supreme Court handed down its ruling. County officials tried to discern voter intent through a cloud of hanging chads (incompletely punched paper ballots) and pregnant chads (paper ballots that were dimpled, but not pierced, during the voting process), as well as overvotes (ballots that recorded multiple votes for the same office) and undervotes (ballots that recorded no vote for a given office). [14]:89 On November 13, the federal court ruled against an injunction. 1 / 6. In this constitutional system, the "will of the people" is an irrelevant abstraction. The state's electorate was becoming more diverse in general, with growing Asian and Hispanic immigrant populations. "[4] A physical mark on a ballot, at or near a designated target, is such an indication. The 2000 presidential election pitted Republican. Later in the evening, the networks reversed their call, moving to "too close to call", then later giving it to Bush; then they retracted that call as well, finally indicating the state was "too close to call". It would have made the election longer, yes, but was it REALLY unconstitutional? According to factcheck.org, "Nobody can say for sure who might have won. The court ruled 54 on the remedy of the matter, with the majority holding that the Florida Supreme Courts decision had created new election lawa right reserved for the state legislatureand that no recount could be held in time to satisfy a federal deadline for the selection of state electors. As the Electoral College vote took shape on election night, with the results piling up from around the country, it was clear the. [a] As of the 2020 presidential election[update], this is the last election in which the Democratic candidate won Pasco County or Hernando County. So Im reading along, reading along, reading along. A previous version of this story incorrectly gave Republican Ron DeSantis' first name as Brian. Direct link to Tejas's post The best answer I can giv, Posted 6 years ago. The Florida Supreme Court extended the deadline for the recount and ordered a manual recount. Second, the Court ruled 54 against the remedy, proposed by Justices Stephen Breyer and David Souter, of sending the case back to Florida to complete the recount using a uniform statewide standard before the scheduled December 18 meeting of Florida's electors in Tallahassee. CNN's Gloria Borger explores the 2000 election in a special report Monday at 9 p.m. Although theres much legal turmoil, the president is behind in a number of states -- not just one like in 2000. It won Outstanding Television Movie at the Primetime Emmy Awards, with Roach winning Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special, and Dern a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress Series, Miniseries or Television Film. By the time the networks switched Florida to Bush, the Texan had enough Electoral College support to be the projected winner. Here's one of them. They lost in the state's circuit court, but that decision was reversed by the Florida Supreme Court. Under Florida election law, a machine recount of all votes cast was required because the margin of victory was less than 0.5 percent. Although Baker had not been prominent in the younger Bush's campaign, he stepped in at the crucial moment in Florida. Fast forward three weeks later on Nov. 26, 2000, the state of Florida declared Bush the winner by just 537 votes. The results were 49% for Gore and 40% for Bush, with 11% uncertain or not wishing to respond.[86]. The 2000 presidential election was the closest in the history of the US Electoral College and the first ever to be decided by the US Supreme Court. Omissions? What good and Ideas came from china ? Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. "But," it said, "Gore could not have won without a hand count of overvote ballots, something that he did not request.". Orange County total of 512 properly filled ballots not read by machine on November 8, 2000. Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards. On December 9, 2000, four counties (Leon, Liberty, Madison, Manatee) completed recounts of undervotes ordered by the Florida Supreme Court, identifying a small number of new votes. From affirmative action and hate-crime laws it's a small step to ensuring that all voters, however negligent, have their intent, however vague, reflected in the final result of an election. One of them came from the campaign of the Republican nominee, George W. Bush, then governor of Texas. Most of the variation occurred in Votomatic overvotes, the least likely ballots to yield votes in a recount. Viewers around the country would soon see Gore's face on screen as the projected winner of the presidency. Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Bradford, Charlotte, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Hendry, Hernando, Holmes, Lake, Manatee, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns and Washington Counties, Election day decisions by 17 Optiscan counties not to "manually review overvotes that couldn't be properly read by machine", Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Charlotte, Citrus, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Holmes, Jackson, Lake, Leon, Manatee, Monroe, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns, Suwanee and Washington Counties, Election day decisions by 19 Optiscan counties not to "manually review undervotes that couldn't be read by counting machines", Canvassing boards of Collier, DeSoto, Dixie, Duval, Glades, Hardee, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jefferson, Lee, Madison, Marion, Miami-Dade, Nassau, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Sarasota, Sumter and Wakulla Counties, Election day decisions by 21 punch-card counties not to "attempt to determine voter intent on undervotes that couldn't be read by counting machines", The above 21 boards plus Palm Beach County Canvassing Board, Election day decisions by 22 punch-card counties not to "attempt to determine voter intent on overvotes that couldn't be properly read by machine", Decision not to review dimpled ballots with clear indications of intent, Decision to change county's certified vote from the mechanical recount total back to the election night vote total, Decision not to include Palm Beach County's vote recount results (all but 53 precincts) submitted before certification deadline, Decision not to include Miami-Dade County's vote recount results (139 precincts) accomplished before certification deadline. The vote had been announced by Florida's secretary of state. About 3:00 am Gore called a stunned Bush to retract his concession. Election of 2000 On election night in November, television news networks initially declared that Gore had won Florida, despite several polls open in Republican-leaning districts, with. Students also viewed. Instead, the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols. Charges of conflict of interest were leveled by both sidesBushs brother Jeb was the governor of the state and Secretary of State Katherine Harris was cochair of Bushs Florida campaign, while Florida Attorney General Bob Butterworth headed the Gore campaign. Wednesday, November 8 dawned with some uncertainty as to who would be the next president. 5 Remarkably Close U.S. Presidential Elections, https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2000, Brookings - Reflections on the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election, Parliament of Australia - US Presidential Election 2000, GlobalSecurity.org - 2000 Presidential Election, sample butterfly ballot from Florida, 2000, United States presidential election of 1996, United States presidential election of 2004. Salvado says that this alone cost Gore the election. Finally, we hit the seventh page.. [37] Because there was no clear indication of what the voters intended, those numbers were not included in the consortium's final tabulations. The voting is supposed to proceed night and day until a winner is clear. What followed was a five-week war over the ballots, the rules, the law and the courts. [37] Such a statewide review including all uncounted votes was a tangible possibility, as Leon County Circuit Court Judge Terry Lewis, whom the Florida Supreme Court had assigned to oversee the statewide recount, had scheduled a hearing for December 13 (mooted by the U.S. Supreme Court's final ruling on December 12) to consider including overvotes. Once the closeness of the election in Florida was clear, both the Bush and Gore campaigns organized themselves for the ensuing legal process. Direct link to SirenaWoodall's post It would of taken too muc, Posted 6 years ago. In punchcard counties, 1 in 25 ballots had uncountable presidential votes. Gore appealed that decision to the Florida Supreme Court. According to their results, Bush won under stricter standards and Gore won under looser standards. Networks initially projected Gore the winner in Florida, but later they declared that Bush had opened an insurmountable lead. "Study concludes accurate election recount virtually impossible." It would surely be accepted by the reviewing authority, which was the U.S. Senate, where Republicans were in control. USA Today, The Miami Herald, and Knight Ridder commissioned accounting firm BDO Seidman to count undervotes. They argue that American democracy is a far stricter, Lockean, Anglo-American system based on the letter of the law and a successful vote cast by a rational, responsible voter. Florida Elections For Governor And U.S. Senate Heading For Recount. hide caption. The results of this tally were to be added to the November 26 tally. The Florida Supreme Court clarified its ruling on this matter while the United States Supreme Court was deliberating Bush v. Gore. Direct link to ayushkadri's post No. According to a massive months-long study commissioned by eight news organizations in 2001, George W. Bush probably still would have won even if the U.S. Supreme Court had allowed a limited statewide recount to go forward as ordered by Floridas highest court. [10] Voters from reliably Democratic states in the Northeast had also been migrating to Florida since the 1950s. Disputes erupted over the accuracy and reliability of election technology in the state, with confusion over butterfly ballots (ballots that have names on both sides), punch card voting machines, and hanging chads (punch card ballots that were only partially punched). Gore said he disagreed with the Court's decision, but conceded the election. Whoever wins the most votes in the state is awarded all 25 electoral votes. [82] The post-controversy recounts revealed that, "if a manual recount had been limited to undervotes, it would have produced an inaccurate picture of the electorate's position."[4]. 2000 United States presidential election in Florida, Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican, Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic, The previous closest statewide presidential elections were two in. Officials in a majority of punch-card counties said they would accept a single-corner detached chad as an indicator of voter intent, and officials in a majority of optical scan counties said they would accept all affirmative marks as described in NORC codes as indicators of voter intent. Engelhardt, Joel and Elliot Jaspin and Christine Stapleton. The Democrats share of the Cuban-American vote dropped dramatically after 1996. Their predictions came not long after the official closing time for voting in the state, when relatively few votes had actually been counted. None of these findings are certain. The Bush campaign quickly filed an appeal with the U.S. Supreme Court, asking it to delay the recounts until it could hear the case; a stay was issued by the court on December 9. Ultimately, the contest focused on Florida. Of the overvotes, 68,476 chose Gore and a minor candidate; 23,591 chose Bush and a minor candidate. Expert groups continue to recommend use of the drug during pregnancy when necessary and in consultation with a doctor. Florida statutes also required that all counties certify and report their returns, including any recounts, by 5:00p.m. on November 14. [2] Gore phoned Bush the night of the election to concede, then retracted his concession after learning how close the Florida count was.[3]. On December 12, 2000, in a 72 ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the Florida Supreme Courts decision that manual recounts of ballots should continue in some counties, holding that the various methods and standards of the recount process violated the equal protection clause of the U.S. Constitution. Brady, Henry E.; Collier, David (2004). B.K., sounds like you are a believer in state's rights. In 2000 that process took five weeks and only ended at the Supreme Court. For example, 21,188 of the Florida overvotes, or nearly one-fifth of the total, originated from Duval County, where the presidential ballot was split across two pages and voters were instructed to "vote every page". 9 terms. Bush's chief strategist, Karl Rove, phoned Fox News to insist that Florida was still in play. George W. Bush 's two presidential election campaigns (2000, 2004). Unlike the other 20 counties, Palm Beach and Pasco Counties determined voter intent on 74 overvotes for Gore and Bush; however, they did not include them in their certified results. A Project of The Annenberg Public Policy Center, Under the two most likely scenarios, Bush Wins Florida, Florida voter errors cost Gore the election.