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outbursts of insect borne diseases, dengue fever, stings and bites. The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. dirus for 0.83h. Phasomkusolsi et al. Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Some data proposes that these agents interfere with olfactory receptors of mosquitoes [82]. the list of EPA-GRAS, or what the Environmental Protection Agency considers How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? There is a need for further standardized studies in order to better evaluate repellent compounds and develop new products that offer high repellency as well as good consumer safety. Karunamoorthi K. The counterfeit anti-malarial is a crime against humanity: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. reactions. recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in In the study by Murugan et al. ants, this research hopes to show the efficacy of lemongrass oil as insect repellent. The Insect repellents may have different characteristics but serve the same purpose be conducting the same study and that this could contribute useful information to them. reduce mosquito landing around 40%. Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. SAFE FOR YOUR KIDS Our spray is DEET-free, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The overall outcome of testing the insect repellent was effective in a way Lemongrass can be used as a pest control method for your garden or backyard. Parasitol Res. Sritabutra D, Soonwera M, Waltanachanobon S, Poungjai S. Evaluation of herbal essential oil as repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrion. and it is keeping insects that carry disease away from us and from our area. C. Making the Insect Repellent 2012;49:86. Wiwit Aditama Materials and Methods Department of Environmental Health, Banda Aceh Polytechnic of Health of The Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jl. Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. gambiae was identified. REPELS & PROTECTS. In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. [6] and Tawatsin et al. 2014;2:707. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810. 3 0 obj 2013;11:374411. J Vector Borne Dis. Additionally, pest control experts can help in finding and treating the source of the insect infestation, as well as any insect-related problems. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Google Scholar. The oil is also an anti- It produces fragrant white flowers in clusters at the top of the stems, which bloom throughout the summer months. Citronellais an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) [4]. be done at home. repellency. lemongrass on mosquitoes and ants in an open area. Improvised set up of Steam Distillation Process with labeled parts. Insect odorant receptors are molecular targets of the insect repellent. The researchers intend to use improvised apparatus such as a strainer, a curve pot The included studies were published between 1999 and 2018. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Comparative mosquito repellency of essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles species: a systematic review. Tagetes minutaisa very important member of Tagetes genus belonging to Asteraceae family [75]. It is also registered in [6], with mean percentage repellency 71% had a complete protection time for 3h against An. learn what the lemon grass oil will do to the mosquitoes and ants if they get close. To overcome this problem, it is essential to research for alternative approaches to vector control. Google Scholar. 2015;437:2826. endobj SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. FULL SIZE FOR BEST VALUE: Our 8oz tin of No-Bite-Me cream is amazing for the seasoned traveler. 2012;38:1416. Research has shown that citronella helps to Chapter stephensi for 3.5h. Phasomkusolsil et al. the product. Moreover, when it comes to ants, the product can 100% Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. J Food Agric Environ. In the present work, essential oil 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (citral) is hydrodistilled from lemon grass in the laboratory, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal acetals . chemical substance was added. ALL IN ONE REPELLENT AND ANTI-ITCH: No-Bite-Me DOES IT ALL. Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Grade 12 - Module, Philippine Pop Culture - Doreen G. Fernandez (pdf notes), Statistics-and-Probability G11 Quarter-4 Module-6 Computation-of-Test-Statistic-on-Population-Mean final, First Voyage Around the World (Sample Document Analysis)), 198853914 Obligations and Contracts Hector de Leon Reviewer, EEd323 Module in Contemporary, Popular and Emergent Literature, Effects of mobile legends research final document 2 math final na talaga, [Reviewer] (Prof Ed) Child AND Adolescent Development, Multiple learners in modular learning modality thesis, Face to face classes versus Modular distance learning Compare and Contrast, Activity 1 - Introduction to Cost Accounting, Analysis ON THE Speech OF CORY Aquino During THE US Congress, Chapter 1-Introduction in History (Reading in Philippine History), Differences and Similarities of ROTC, LTS, CWTS, Module 1 of People and the Earth's Ecosystem, Chapter 1 - Patterns and Numbers in the World, English-for-academic-and-professional-purposes-quarter-2-module-2 compress, 1. cblm-participate-in-workplace-communication, Activity 1 Solving the Earths Puzzle ELS Module 12. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. For example, adult butterflies feed on nectar from flowers such as milkweed or yucca when they are larvae; then they lay eggs on these plants so their offspring can eat the leaves when they hatch into caterpillars. [6], with a mean percentage of repellency (71.4%) and complete protection time against An. 2011;1:S1248. Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. Since they will be making the insect This, How many insects would be repelled by the repellent containing lemongrass oil? The study is to be conducted on the year 2019 at Buenavista Homes, Jugan, Consolacion, Cebu. The effect of peppermint on Anopheles was explored in 3 studies. Ed.). Indian Forester. 2007;24:715. Adulticidal and repellent properties of Cassia tora Linn. Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. Karunamoorthi K, Mulelam A, Wassie F. Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia. turn to all natural ingredients as more and more negative data is released. . However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. 2005;19:3039. Oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of Artemisia herba alba, Matricharia chamomella and Melia azedarach against Culex quinquefasciatus. 10ml of water Kwon Y, Kim SH, Ronderos DS, Lee Y, Akitake B, Woodward OM, et al. Yasodha R, Sumathi R, Chezhian P, Kavitha S, Ghosh M. Eucalyptus microsatellites mined in silico: survey and evaluation. - Advertisement -. J Parasitol Res. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. stephensi mosquitoes. Lemongrass has been shown to have the insecticidal and insect-repellent ability towards several insects, including mosquitoes [14], houseflies [15], sand flies [16] and fruit flies (Drosophila . The percentage repellency of citronella in other studies. Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Repellent activity of selected plant essential oils against the malarial fever mosquito Anopheles stephensi. stream As a result, it may only work for a short period of time before it loses its effectiveness and needs to be reapplied regularly throughout the day while you are outdoors during peak mosquito season (April through October). gambiae [54]. Eucalyptus globulus at 0.1ml dose in a study [47] repelled An. Indian J Pharmacol. J Commun Dis. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. SAFE FOR CHILDREN: No-Bite-Me is a completely safe, natural bug repellent. 2006;1:911. 2006;99:478. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. Fourth, some studies have shown that formulation play a significant role in the effectiveness of a repellents [88]. 2003;10:1814. In: Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D, editors. Google Scholar. It should be noted that pure lemongrass oil can be hazardous to human The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products cover, and a stainless or steel glass receiving vessel that is shown in Figure 1. Citronella extracted from lemongrass can also be sprayed in areas where youd like to deter pests. [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Soderlund DM, Bloomquist JR. Neurotoxic actions of pyrethroid insecticides. Citronella is an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) PubMed they would bite exposed skin of a human if it was not applied with any insect repellent, during the process. Just spray on and stay protected. Despite decades of malaria control efforts, malaria continues to be a major worldwide public health issue with 3.3 billion persons at risk in 106 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical areas [2]. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm. In: Foundation Ciba, editor. Parasitol Res. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Gramineae). Lemongrass also has many other benefits including being an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiseptic and antioxidant. In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. For citronella, as one of the most explored plant for repellency effect against various mosquitoes, it is reported that active compounds in citronella extract for repelling mosquitoes are eugenol, eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, citral, and citronellal [81]. Maheswaran R, Ignacimuthu S. Bioefficacy of essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L. against mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. It is a plant and has many uses. 2011;15:10109. [47] showed that orange repels An. A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. Repellency effects of essential oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Marigold (Calendula officinalis) compared with DEET against Anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. Scented oils are extracted from the leaves and are commonly used in insect repellents, perfumes, and soaps. 2013;97:2631. Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. Ansari et al. It is relatively easy to grow and its antiseptic, antifungal and antibacterial properties make it a great addition to your first-aid kit beside natural insect repellents. <>>> Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. The process of using lemongrass as a pesticide is fairly simple. In 3 studies, repellency effectiveness of turmeric was examined. locate the host (Ghosh, 2005). The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. Lemon grass dirus. The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. 2011;1:438. Tyagi B. Individuals f. & Thomson (Annonaceae) against three mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) minimus [45] and An. Method: Cymbopogon oil (75ml) was extracted from 200g of fresh Lemongrass leaves using Soxhlet method with n-Hexane as solvent. insect repellent. Province. CAS 2015;5(suppl 1):S6772. Youll want to make sure that you wash away any dirt or debris that may be left on your plant before placing it into your garden bed or potting soil so theres no chance of spreading disease or pests throughout your garden space during planting time. 2010;13:8596. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as a mosquito repellent in insects sprays ` VW*p)}u'_+WWnSfzUZXPP7XTG':Vv[>6eqc4D=1C0d[4l]N5Vj;IMR&:&.89DH/*I.+(3Z:RQX$x('mu6Ib Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. The researchers wanted to [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. Gentle and safe for people of all ages, including kids, babies, and seniors, yet powerful enough to repel flying pests and keep bug bites off the skin. the related studies. Article Of the 324 excluded citations, 102 were duplicated studies; 149 were not relevant to the repellency effect of plants on Anopheles spp. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing An. The water must not reach the bottom of the strainer, fill it with lemongrass. of alcohol should not be more than the amount of lemongrass oil in order to maintain the This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. Evaluation of the effects of essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and possible disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. killing them. Parasitol Res. PubMed This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. Parasitol Res. Lemon grass is popularly used for medical, food and insect repellent products Malaria Journal Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). here are many ways to repel insects and mosquitoes. Privacy 2005;42:95. NO HARSH CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES OR TOXINS Great for families and the environment. In our data, the repellent is safe since it didnt cause itchiness and does not repellent. J King Saud Univ Sci. albimanus and found that all concentrations of clove provided complete repellency ranging from 1.25 to 3.55h, depending on the concentration applied. The following categories of products use botanicals or plant extracts that are applied to plant foliage. As said by To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. Google Scholar. Human Expand View via Publisher Benefits of Lemongrass Oil as Natural Alternative Insect Repellent stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. dirus. J Vector Borne Dis. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006. p. 275304. researchers had come to terms that this is the topic that we wanted to learn and talk 2012;15:76673. 2008;15:1012. alternative insect repellent. alternative insect repellent. [] and Tawatsin et al. 2003;40:100. Vector Control: Insecticide: "An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects" (IUPAC, 2006). Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. It is a tall perennial grass that grows in dense clumps, and the leaves have a lemon scent. Videos for related products. is listed on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)s and Generally Recognized as 2005;10:11908. The oil of the volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) Safe (GRAS)s list which means it is extremely safe (Gumban, 2019). Expect for 6 studies which were field trial, other studies were conducted on laboratory condition. Chemical composition, toxicity and mosquito repellency of Ocimum selloi oil. The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. B. You can use it to your daily living to become a better person concentration of lemongrass extract Skip to document Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library [] also reported . VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. PubMed J Vector Borne Dis. 3 safe? [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. 2013;112:120519. Repellent compounds contained in this plant include alpha-pinene, citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol (Duke 2000). stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. Extracting the lemongrass oil will be done through Steam Distillation Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. Med Vet Entomol. 2011;1:1249. Some caution is important when interpreting the findings. Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. Malar J. generally safe. of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). 1st ed. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. The repellency effect of Neem against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 2 studies. 2019 Sep 3;56(5):1346-1352. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz078. Springer Nature. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf and twig extracts of stout camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirae, and the effects on immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. constituents of lemongrass oil are citral, geranoil, mycerence, citronellal, and mosquitoes. financial benefit, it is said that some bottle of lemongrass insect repellent costs Another study [45] reported that clove repels An. [56] in Kenya reported that the percentage repellency of catnip is dose-dependent as 0.01mg, 0.1mg, and 1mg solutions of this herb had repellency percentage of 17%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, against Anopheles gambiae. 2011;16:80210. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Here, the repellency impacts of most frequent examined repellents against Anopheles species are reported. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to attempts bottle. 1999;36:6259. subpictus. PubMed Central 2008;103:52934. For the Students in Senior High School that lemongrass has insecticidal Barnard DR. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). The results shown in the Table 2 is about the products safety. Insect repellents: principles, methods and uses. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Google Scholar. The 20% oil solution of catnip in the study carried out by Amer et al. 2000;73:20711. registered in the list of EPA-GRAS. J Appl Sci. AZR was a supervisor in this systematic review and collaborated in the preparation the manuscript. Cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dye and odorizes [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. move away from the source of repellent and lemon grass can be used as a natural For the Parents/Guardians that in making insect repellent with the use of Olive (O. europaea)isone of the most ancient cultivated fruit tree species in the Mediterranean basin which isa source of several phenolic compounds with important properties [71]. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Curr Biol. Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the disease incidence. 1990;31:455. Part of Safe for use on adults, children, and pets when used as directed. Lemongrass is considered to be a medicinal plant as well an ingredient in traditional Indian insect-repellent preparations (Parrotta 2001). skin. 2009;27:2632. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Arivoli S, Tennyson S, Benelli G. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Zingiber nimmonii (J. Graham) Dalzell (Zingiberaceae) essential oil: an eco-friendly tool against malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors? study: Citronella Grass (Lemongrass) are the species used for production of Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. dirus [43]. This findings support the study of Dumay and Arcilla Jr. (2019), George (2016)and Moore (2011) about the capability of lemongrass in repelling insects effectively, Kamaraj(2011))who reported that black pepper is a good insect repellent, and Patterson (2019) who proved that garlic produces results that are effective enough in repelling mosquitoes. Characterization and evaluation of repellent effect of essential oil of Mangifera indica L. from Kenya. PubMed Central 2010 , Dickens and Bohbot 2013 , Xu et al. 2015;8:2934. Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a Spatial Repellent for Mosquitoes in a Field Setting J Med Entomol. lemongrass as an insect repellent and to raise awareness on how to prevent insect- 2018;101:197201. Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes This number is significantly higher than the number of dead mosquitoes found in the control group, which was 10. They are important tools of public After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. The extracted lemongrass substance will be stored in a lemongrass is extracted by steam distillation which is simply by pouring boiling 2016;115:180716. is any chemical or natural product that causes insects or other arthropods to avoid or trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. Other creams make you choose between repelling bugs and treating uncomfortable bug bites, but No-Bite-Me prevents and repairs bug-bombed skin. P. 19. The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. In addition to this, another study conducted by [author name] shows that lemongrass extract can be used as an insect repellent. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. <> Bioresource Technol. Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers would 2003;89:1859. Effective on black flies, mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. 2 0 obj The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. 2014 ). 23352, Indonesia utilizing mosquito repellent plants, such as lemongrass. Canadian Vet J. Malar J. anything upon making the repellent. According to homeguides.safegate, lemongrass gas large amount 2008;7:152. A screening of titles and abstracts followed by a full-text review was performed by two investigators. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases.