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Chou, C. Y., Chien, C. W., Hsueh, I.P., Sheu, C.F., Wang, C.H., & Hseih, C.L. All 12 scales found to be responsive for each of the 4 domains of Impairment, Activity, Participation and Distress/ Well-being for n=466; Age range for the 354 adults X=62.910,SD 20.370 and for the 106 children X=10.36, SD 26.365) (age missing for 6 adults) (Chen, 2015). official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 1-844-355-ABLE. More importantly, therapists questioned applicability of the tools to the acute care setting where they would have to be administered bedside to patients who were often critically ill, vulnerable, or not feeling or performing at their best. Examining validity and clinical utility issues: test examples. All rights reserved. The influence of environment upon performance. 2013 Jun;80(3):141-9. doi: 10.1177/0008417413497906. EBRSR Review by ICF Epub 2013 Jan 24. The field is catching the interest of many. Unsworth, C.A., & Duncombe, D. (2011). mary nolan nashville, tennessee; simon every annastacia palaszczuk; Projetos. Disability and Rehabilitation, 37(11), 997-1003. Carols Individual Treatment Plans: Occupational Therapy. Toll-Free U.S. Your gift of Ability affects everythingwe do every day at Shirley Ryan AbilityLab from the highest-quality clinical care and groundbreaking research to community programs that improve quality of life. In January 2017, MSN Money listed occupational therapy as one of the 25 best jobs in America right now. BMC Health Serv Res. Pattern recognition, hypotheses and heuristics. Unsworth, C.A. However, acute care OTs are not using them but rather relying on skilled observation of functional performance. It begins by defining what is meant by assessment, outcome, evaluation and measurement and discussing the complexity of therapy assessment and measurement, including the challenge of measuring human behaviour and the impact of factors such as task demand and context, including the environment. The Activity Measure of Post-Acute Care is the most commonly used standardized assessment. Methodology. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64(5), 768-775. doi:10.5014/ajot.2010.09041, Ottenbacher, K. J., Msall, M. E., Lyon, N. R., Duffy, L. C., Granger, C. V., Braun, S. (1997). In Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, ICF Australian user guide. Case study: Mrs Ellis Initial Assessment Process by Karen Innes and Alison Laver Fawcett. Application of principles is supported through detailed case studies and worksheets and the criteria for test critique and guidelines for choosing a particular assessment approach are discussed. (1993). Our students and their OT mentors share this interest during the fieldwork. Fort Collins, Colorado: Three Star Press, Inc. Fingerhut, P., Madill, H., Darrah, J., Hodge, M. & Warren, S. (2002). Interviewing as a means of collecting self-report data. A benchmark comparison of outcomes for clients with upper limb dysfunction following stroke using the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT). Unsworth, C., Duckett, S., Duncombe, D., Perry, A., Skeat, J.,Taylor., N. (2004). The use of standards, protocols, guidelines and care pathways. Mobility and function are central factors in discharge decision making for OT. Care-giver and parent burden scales). The Group intervention programme: Turnabout. Comparing the responsiveness of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills and the Functional Independence Measure. New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55(2), 11-18. n= 289 patients with stroke, X age= 63.4 SD 12. Based on the current literature, there is significant variability in the use of standardized tools to measure OT outcomes at the time of discharge from the acute inpatient hospital. Physical Therapy, 83(3), 224-236. IntroductionMonomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a life-threatening condition often observed in patients with structural heart disease. Bjorkdahl, A., Nilsson, A. L., Grimby, G. & Sunnerhagen, K. S. (2006). If this is an emergency, please dial 911. There is little consensus regarding the meaning of quality of life (QOL) within occupational therapy literature. 2014 Apr;61(2):58-66. doi: 10.1111/1440-1630.12080. Conclusion: achieving an effective and efficient assessment. Self-Care with 7 OTs rating 15 client case studies with a range of conditions including: stroke, acquired brain injury, arthritis, spinal cord injury, amputation, schizophrenia, depression, dementia, Parkinsons Disease, burns and cerebral palsy. Multi-disciplinary team meeting with Carol. Chapter 11:Implementing the optimum assessment and measurement approach (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD, DipCOT). Section GG outcome measures are utilized in all post-acute care (PAC) settings for Medicare beneficiaries to track progress across the continuum of care. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 20, 182- 189. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Three reliability studies have been conducted. Hongwu Wang, PhD1,2; Cyndy Robinson, OTD, OT/L, FAOTA1; Jessica Tsotsoros, PhD, OTR/L, ATP1, 1Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 2Harold Hamm Diabetic Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. . The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab does not provide emergency medical services. Determination of the minimum clinically important difference on the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT)? Is COPM a Standardised assessment? OT Practice Free Occupational Therapy Assessment Tools by Category February 19, 2021 Contents Hide 1 Cognition 2 ADLs 3 IADLs 4 Sleep 5 Health Management 6 Apraxia Cognition Kettle Test Short-Blessed Test Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Glasgow Coma Scale Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) ADLs Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University, 1996. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations. Reflecting on purposes of assessment in your own practice. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 78(9), 570-575. Therapy Outcome Measures for Allied Health Practitioners in Australia: The AusTOMs. Demonstrated concern for individuals from diverse backgrounds and their . The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55(6), 649-655. doi:10.5014/ajot.55.6.649, Merritt, B. K. (2011). Significant differences between individuals who had a previous stroke (RCVA and LCVA) when compared to non-disabled individuals for IADL performance (p .05), Measurement error accounted for 22% of the differences in subjects ADL ability measures. Glassdoor ranked occupational therapy as 4th among the 50 best jobs in America in 2018. Fisher, A. G. & Jones, K. B. Occupational therapy discharge planning and recommendations in acute care: An action research study. For consideration, courses: Must be completed by June 15 and transcripts submitted on or before June 30 prior to matriculation. A review and critique of well-being in occupational therapy and occupational science. Morris, M., Perry, A., Unsworth, C., Skeat, J., Taylor, N., Dodd, K., Duncombe., D., & Duckett, S. (2005). On today's episode we discuss the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) with Brocha Stern and Craig Velozo. Applying concepts of levels of measurement to your own practice. The benefits of rehabilitation therapy physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology include improved mobility, enhanced quality of life, and greater independence. Data were extracted from each article and authors performed descriptive statistics to establish trends for both definitions and measures. (2015). 77- 81). This paper will present the review process, describe in more detail eight assessments that fulfilled many of the review criteria, discuss the limitations of these measures using the "Guidelines for the Client-centred Practice of Occupational Therapy as the framework, and make recommendations for the development of a new outcome measure for use . The results on their utility from this study were mixed but the general consensus was that although quick and easy to administer, the selected outcome measures did not help with discharge decision making or discharge planning. The students chose at least one outcome measure used in the facility and documented the baseline and final performance after therapy on the outcome measure. We will continue collecting the outcome tools data in future so we not only can see which tools are being used but also assess the appropriateness of the tools based on the measures. Smith-Gabai, H. (2016). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal observation, interview, standardised testing) and sources (e.g. From the literature, OTs working at acute care settings recognized the potential benefits of using standardized outcome measures and expressed strong interest in using those tools (Blaga & Robertson, 2008; Crennan & MacRae, 2010; Jette, et al., 2003; Jette et al., 2014; Matmari et al., 2014; Robertson & Blaga, 2013; Smith-Gabai, 2016). (2012). Functional walking and mobility 3. Occupational therapy assessments used in acute physical care settings, Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 20(2), 127-135. The 20 ADL process skill items are divided into 5 domains (Sustaining Performance, Applying Knowledge, Temporal Organization, Organizing Space and Objects, Adapting Performance), Item-level scores range from 1 = No Problem to 6 = Inordinate; cannot test, The AMPS is administered in four phases. victoria principal andy gibb; bosch battery charger flashing green light Nova Southeastern University. Rehabilitation of anterior pituitary dysfunction combined with extrapontine myelinolysis: A case report. Unsworth, C.A., & Duncombe, D. (2005b). Unsworth, C.A., Coulson, M., Swinton, L., Cole, H., & Sarigiannis, M. (2015). The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52, 843-850. doi:10.5014/ajot.52.10.843, Bernspang, B., Fisher, A. Occupational Therapy International, 15(4), 253-268. doi: 10.1002/oti.258, Kizony, R. & Katz, N. (2002). Older adults were defined as being 70 years or older to reflect the increase in life expectancy in western countries [ 15 ]. Chen, Z., & Eng,J.Y. Functional assessments used by occupational therapists with older adults at risk of activity and participation limitations: A systematic review. Change from admission to discharge for clients, Using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, all significant, p<.001, for mixed client population including: Abu-Awad, Y., Unsworth, C.A., Coulson, M., & Sarigiannis, M. (2014). London Fristedt (2013) studied Scale 7. Phase I = Administration Preparation; Phase II = Occupational therapy interview; Phase III = Observe and implement a performance analysis; Phase IV = Score the AMPS observation, After AMPS administration, the clinician interprets AMPS reports to define and interpret reasons for the person's ineffective ADL performance. Bachelor's or Master's degree from a regionally accredited institution. The application of client-centred occupational therapy for Korean children with developmental disabilities. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Background: Hereditary ataxia syndromes can result in significant speech impairment, a symptom thought to be responsive to treatment. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Confidence interval of 95% = (+ 0.49) and (+ 0.39) logits respectively. Section GG - Medicare Self-Care Measures Reference. No significant correlation for changes in FIM motor scores changes detected using the AMPS motor scale (, No significant correlation for changes detected by the FIM cognitive scale and those detected by the AMPS process scale (, No ceiling effects found for the AMPS motor and process scales. Case example: James Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) report by Rachel Hargreaves. Comparison of sensitivity to change from admission to discharge at inpatient rehabilitation: Scores below 2.0 logit for motor scale indicate increased need for assistance to live in the community (correct classification rate = 64%; n= 788), Scores below 1.0 logit for motor scale indicate increased need for assistance to live in the community (correct classification rate = 94%; n= 789), Although ideal values are MnSq = 1.0 and z = 0, MnsQ < 1.4 and z < 2 are used because the values are based on criteria to develop the AMPS, DIF (Differential Item Functionality) has no difference between regions if (-0.55) < logit < (0.55). Blaga, L., & Robertson, L. (2008). Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. An example Test Critique: The Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Philanthropic support truly drives our mission and vision. The AMPS is designed to examine interplay between the person, the ADL task and the environment. This is a dummy description. This textbook on assessment and outcome measurement is written for both occupational therapy and physiotherapy students and qualified therapists. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 16(4), 285- 291. The COPM is a standardised measure. government site. Top-down versus bottom-up assessment approach. Measurement of QOL has varied in both research and practice. Training and interpreting standardised test scores. Measures that assess the proxy (e.g. PMC eCollection 2022. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 6(3), 111-118. doi:10.1080/110381299443690, Haslam, J., Pepin, G., Bourbonnais, R., & Grignon, S. (2010). Developed in Australia and is now used internationally (e.g. (2020). . Transfers 6. The material used for this study was supported by Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Harold Hamm Diabetes Center at University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. & Fisher, A. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 79(3), 167-174. https://doi.org/10.2182/cjot.2012.79.3.6, Gantschnig, B.E., Page, J., & Fisher, A.G. (2012). In 2021, your cash gifts may also favorably impact your taxes, thanks to the extension of many of the charitable provisions in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act. Chapter 10: The importance of clinical reasoning and reflective practice in effective assessment (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD, DipCOT and Karen Innes, BSc OT, DMS, Cert Counselling). Go to citation Crossref . Using the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT) to measure client participation outcomes. As a means of improving this process, previous research reported that OTs were interested in finding ways to use standardized outcome measures to help guide discharge decision making (Jette, et al., 2003; Robertson & Blaga, 2013; Smith-Gabai, 2016). This scoping review explored the definitions and measures used within occupational therapy quantitative intervention research to evaluate QOL as an outcome. The nature of human function and the complexity of measuring functional outcomes. Only three settings documented both baseline and discharge outcome measurement data. Seven articles included a definition of QOL. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help 2019 Dec 26;7(24):4420-4425. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i24.4420. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Chapter 4: Levels of measurement (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD, DipCOT). impairment (the underlying condition) activity (ability to complete daily activities participation (social participation) wellbeing (emotional health). https://doi.org/10.3109/11038121003615327, https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616. An ethnographic study indicated that non-standardized functional-based outcome measures are the most frequently used method in discharge assessment with inconsistency in the use of standardized tools at acute care settings (Crennan & MacRae, 2010). Classroom-based assessment: Validation for the School AMPS. Most participants had a primary diagnosis from one of the following five ICD-10 disorder codes: Disease of the Musculoskeletal System (ICD-10 code M), Disease of the Circulatory System (ICD-10 code I), Disease of the Nervous System (ICD-10 code G), Disease of the Respiratory System or Injury, Poisoning and Certain Other consequences of External Causes (ICD-10 code S). It justifies the importance of taking a robust approach towards outcome measurement, and contains sections on validity, reliability and the often-overlooked aspect of clinical utility." No. Outcome measures can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of our interventions and services by identifying whether change has occurred over time. Problem-orientated clinical reasoning process. Aaronson, N., Ahmedzai, S., Bergman, B., Bullinger, M., Cull, A. Duez, N. et al. Experiences, academics and prerequisites that indicate a focus and intention of joining the field of occupational therapy. British College of Occupational Therapists: Research briefing: Measuring Outcomes, November 2015. Scale 7. In 2021, your cash gifts may also favorably impact your taxes, thanks to the extension of many of the charitable provisions in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act. Your gift of Ability affects everythingwe do every day at Shirley Ryan AbilityLab from the highest-quality clinical care and groundbreaking research to community programs that improve quality of life. Reliability of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs OT) Self-care scale. The nature of human occupation and occupational performance. Results from standardized assessments are used for both treat- ment planning and discharge planning. FOIA Download Product Flyer is to download PDF in new tab. Assessments form an integral component in the occupational therapy process. Version 1.0. La Trobe University, Melbourne. Limitless? The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 50(10): 798-806. doi: 10.5014/ajot.50.10.798, Hartman, M., Fisher, A., & Duran, L. (1999). 1-844-355-ABLE. The site is secure. To continue reading, you must be a member. Unsworth, C.A., Bearup, A., & Rickard, K. (2009). Three reliability studies have been conducted. Out of the 32 second year OT students, seven of them completed fieldwork at six acute inpatient hospital settings providing OT for 205 patients, including 99 male and 106 female patients with an average age of 63.2915.86. Communication, insight and capacity issues. In spite of the short length of hospitalization in the acute care setting, OT practitioners play an integral role and collaborate closely with other health care team professionals, such as case managers, nurses, physical therapists, speech-language pathologists, and physicians, to start a successful rehabilitation process (AOTA, 2017). Despite the rare incorporation of standardized outcome measures in acute care settings, OT students and therapists were willing to further explore the benefits of the standardized tools. (1995). Reliability coefficients and standard error of measurement. (pp. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 76, 1144-1151. doi: 10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80124-3. Jette, D. U., Grover, L., & Keck, C. P. (2003). United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore, Sweden). Domestic life- outside house 10. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Unsworth, C.A. volume 1: development, standardization, and administration manual, volume 1. The therapist undertakes all usual diagnostic, occupational performance and goal setting assessments, and can then score the AusTOMs-OT outcome measures in under 5 minutes. AusTOMs for Occupational Therapy. Cultural issues and self-report data collection. Labels used for providers and recipients of therapy services. descriptive, evaluative, predictive, discriminative) presented. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. (2008). Keywords: With the move towards Evidence Based Practice (EBP) in the health sciences . Eyssen IC, Steultjens MP, de Groot V, Steultjens EM, Knol DL, Polman CH, Dekker J. Disabil Rehabil. In all six settings, OT students provided ADL training (bathing/showering, toileting and toilet hygiene, dressing, functional mobility, personal hygiene and grooming). European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: A quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. It can be used in treatment planning, clinical management, audit and research. As occupational therapists, the authors are aware that the performance of children, such as their level of cooperation, varies across settings and in the presence of different professionals or people. To avoid variations in care and show the value of therapy services, ensure your rehabilitation therapists are using standardized outcome measures . The type of speech impairment most commonly reported in hereditary ataxias is dysarthria. Dysarthria affects the ability of individuals to . What are standard outcome measures? 2019 Jan;26(1):1-8. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2017.1378715. Across domains of skills/performance, volition, and habituation, the OSA measures self-perceptions of occupational competence and the degree to which the individual values each occupation. No significant correlation in comparison of the amount of change detected by each instrument. AM-PAC "6-Clicks" functional assessment scores predict acute care hospital discharge destination. "This book provides a comprehensive guide to the background, rationale and utilization of assessment and outcome measurement. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills Applied Cross Culturally to the Japanese. Validity of using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills to determine the need for assistance. Obtaining permission to use a test for your clinical practice or for research. The average length of stay was 6.607.43 days. Chapter 9: Applying models of function to therapy assessment and measurement (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD DipCOT and David Jelley). Occupational therapists must be committed to contributing to the evidence base related to the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions and know how to select and apply valid and. A paediatric assessment involves two essential features: an observational study of a child carrying out specific tasks . Standardized outcome measures (SOMs) are tools used for measuring the changes in the patients' performance, function or participation over time. The impact of familiarity on performance. & FIsher, A.G. (1996). An official website of the United States government. Courses with a "C-"or lower are not . Standardised measures used in the service. Unsworth, C.A., & Duncombe, D. (2014). An Appropriate Way to Measure the Outcome of Paedi. Medical Care Research and Review, 119. Fourteen different standardised measures and two non-standardised measures were utilised. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 56(2), 210-213. doi:10.5014/ajot.56.2.210, Fioravanti, A. M., Bordignon, C. M., Pettit, S. M., Woodhouse, L. J., & Ansley, B. J. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 85, 365-376. With the growing requirement to objectively measure impairments and utilize standardized measures to confirm patient changes, the ability to integrate and use outcome measures is a key skill necessary for today's successful practice. The AMPS manual provides further information regarding detailed steps for AMPS administration, cultural activity considerations, situational circumstances that may impact administration, and additional information needed to properly administer the assessment. Conclusions: A clear conceptualisation of QOL that incorporates occupational therapy values such as client-centredness and holism is needed to advocate for the profession's role in health care and to encourage the development of suitable outcome measures. Change data has been published for clients with Diseases of nervous system, circulatory system, musculoskeletal system and Injury/poisoning (Unsworth, 2005b; Abu-Awad, 2014; Chen, 2015). Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. If practices, score must be cautiously interpreted, If client has never learned how to perform ADL task, there is a chance to learn and practice the ADL task before AMPS is completed, AMPS score forms are available in English, German, Spanish, French, Dutch, and Slovenian, Process scores below the 1.0 log-odd probability units (logit) scale indicate poorer process functioning, Motor scores below the 2.0 log-odd probability units (logit) scale indicate poorer motor functioning. 2. feedback given to client. BAYLEY SCALES OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT (BSID) & Fisher, A. 3. no adjustments to instruction. Careers. Download Product Flyer is to download PDF in new tab. demonstrate change (if any) resulting from. International Psychogeriatric Association, 11(4), 399-409. Step 6: Decision making in light of the interpretation of test scores. Using transport 7. Copyright 2000-2023 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., or related companies. Measuring outcomes using the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs - OT):Data description and tool sensitivity. The average length of stay was 6.607.43 days. Using the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT) to measure outcomes for clients following stroke. The COPM is an outcome measure designed for use by occupational therapists to assess client outcomes in the areas of self-care, productivity and leisure. If this is an emergency, please dial 911. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 29(4), 494506. Shirley Ryan AbilityLab does not provide emergency medical services. Applying concepts of reliability to your own practice. Clinical judgement and clinical reasoning. . In order to measure change, the assessment has to be standardised: developed through research. The statistic used to calculate the level of reliability can impact the results. SE1 1LB. 1 by U.S. News & World Report for 31st Consecutive Year, Community-Ready Upper Extremity Interactive Rehabilitation, Dr. Lieber To Receive AACPDM's Lifetime Achievement Award for Research on Cerebral Palsy, Global Advisory Services Hospital Training & Consulting, Medical Student Education & Residency Program, Bundled Webinars: Spinal Cord Injury (3 Titles), 1 Year Webinar Package - Unlimited Access, Alzheimer's Disease and Progressive Dementia, Making Waves Following a Spinal Cord Injury, Full Circle After a Non-Traumatic Brain Injury, An Unanticipated Head Injury and Incredibly Bright Future. Work, 37(1), 53-64. doi:10.3233/WOR-2010-1056, Kang, D.H., Yoo, E.Y., Chung, B.I., Jing, M.E., Chang, K.Y., Jeon, H.S. The particular challenges to occupational therapy (OT) practitioners working in acute care settings are a limited number of therapy visits and quick discharge. Become an occupational therapist brochure, Tips for your occupational therapy application, Degree Level Apprenticeship in Occupational Therapy, Join World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT), Tax relief and insurance for RCOT members, Senior leadership team and member get togethers, RCOT SS - Children, Young People and Families, Becoming an independent practitioner (member stories), RCOT SS - People with Learning Disabilities, RCOT SS - Trauma and Musculoskeletal Health, NHS issues advice for private practitioners wanting to return to work in the NHS, Preparing your child for returning to school, Practice placements crucial for sustaining the workforce supply pipeline, Recovering from COVID-19: Post-viral fatigue and conserving energy guides, Preparing for a return to school - how occupational therapists can help, RCOT supporting and safeguarding members returning to work during the pandemic, Scope of practice things to consider during COVID-19, Your health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 crisis, Joint call for Personal Protective Equipment for AHPs and Social Care, Financial support announced for self-employed, Emergency Bill to strengthen COVID-19 response plans becomes law, Government issues ethical framework for Adult Social Cares response to COVID 19, Inspire future occupational therapists: #ChooseOT, Professional practice enquiries service - FAQs, American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT), Australian Occupational Therapy Journal (AOTJ), Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy (CJOT). There is research suggesting this may be due to the outcome measurement tools being more time consuming than informal methods, or lack of familiarity of the OT with the standardized outcome measurement tools (Jette, et al., 2014; Robertson & Blaga, 2013; Smith-Gabai, 2016). Description of the therapy diagnosis / problem. Improving assessment and measurement practice: where to begin? What Can We Really Expect from 5G? Dysarthria is a collective term referring to a group of movement disorders affecting the muscular control of speech. doi:10.1080/J148v24n04_03, McNulty, M.C. Matmari, L., Uyeno, J., & Heck, C. S. (2014). Seven out of 32 OT students completed their fieldwork at six acute inpatient hospital settings providing OT services for 205 patients, including 99 male and 106 female patients with an average age of 63.2915.86.