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Program Overview. The Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology at Dalhousie University offers an introductory laboratory course for Biochemistry, in addition to higher level Biochemistry student laboratory courses. The department provides training to students for successful academic, medical, and industrial careers. Opportunities exist in universities and research institutes for biochemists with post graduate degrees. 1. Canada. 1NlrI TongJi Medical College of HUST MSc Immunology. Discover a wealth of support through stipends and awards. This plasmid is present in approximately six copies per chromosome. Although biochemical processes follow the basic laws of physics and chemistry, living organisms, because of their complexity, operate on a set of distinct principles that are not found in simple isolated chemical systems. June 1 (for September start) is the deadline for Canadian applicants. Dalhousie University. 1.902.494.2211, MSc in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. Through innovative research and scholarship, we are working to understand, prevent and treat disease, including genetic disorders. MSc in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. /ColorSpace 16 0 R /Intent /Perceptual /BitsPerComponent 8 /Length 91942 /Filter EeI{|r Q n-L'1t9 Dalhousie Student Union 6136 University Ave PO Box 15000 Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Currently, Dalhousie University's acceptance rate is 43%. Item is a videocassette an interview with Dr. Lloyd McPherson, who came to Dalhousie Medical School in the Fall of 1952 from the University of Toronto. Agricultural Campus Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada B2N . 1-902-893-6600, Dalhousie University Dalhousie University. 1.902.494.2211, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Visit the Academic Calendar to view degree options and course details. Roisin McDevitt, graduate administrator Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Follow & Share this college to get information about admission. 2017 - 2021. MBA Candidate at Wilfrid Laurier University, Concentration in Finance. . As a Biochemistry student, you can take courses like: BIOC 212 - Molec Mechanisms of Cell Funct. School Dalhousie University. And since we cant enrol you in the program without a stipend, there is also ample opportunity for scholarship support through the department, set at a minimum amount of $21,500 as of September 2015. We offer MSc and PhD programs, and many of our MSc students successfully transfer to PhD. BIOC 2300. MSc The MSc is available in Biochemistry or Food Science. All . For more information choose from the options below. Dalhousie offers the only undergraduate (B.Sc.) Biochemistry is the discipline that attempts to understand ourselves and our interactions with nature from the direction of the physical sciences. If)6 . Intro Biochemistry Lab BIOC 2610 - Fall 2018 Register Now R4_Pre_Faiza.pdf. monitoring and control of pollution are also expanding fields for biochemists, recent advances in molecular biology and genetics has given biochemistry a major role in the, an Honours degree in biochemistry and molecular biology or a research-based degree in biology, chemistry or biomedical sciences, a TOEFL score of at least 600 (paper-based) or 100 (Internet) or an IELTS score of at least 7.5 for those whose first language is not English, complete 5000-level courses as required by the Graduate Advisory Committee after consulting with you and your supervisor, spend at least one term as a laboratory demonstrator. Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building Interaction with graduate students and postdoctoral research fellows contributes to anexciting environmentfor scientific study in the field of biochemistry and molecular biology. I'm excited to announce that in September 2022, I will be continuing my education by joining the M.Sc. Ltd. All Rights Reserved, Dal, Halifax M.S Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, UWindsor, Windsor M.S Chemistry and Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton M.S Biochemistry, A.S. Mowat Prize Scholarship at Dalhousie University, Application Deadline For September 2023 Intake. Alongside our strong dedication to training students for successful academic, medical and industrial careers, you'll also find that we are commited to furthering research. Youll get a deeper understanding of the biological function of large molecules such as proteins and DNA and interpret complex processes that define all living organisms. Theres a lot to consider when preparing for university but finances are a major factor that can impact your decision. Contact Us; Campus Directory; Student Career Services; Employment with Dalhousie . Phone: 902-494-2480, Dalhousie University Audit to Credit %PDF-1.3 You may also use the Yaffle search application search engine to find a supervisor you may wish to work with. With access to over 30 highly experienced, world-class researchers and funding, you'll be able to pursue your own independent research with plenty of support in the form of supervision and mentoring. Our research facilities include the UVic Genome BC Proteomics Centre and Crystallography suite. Email. Students will also have the opportunity to complete work terms through the co-op education program. Visit the Department of Biochemistry website for areas for a list of faculty members, their research interests, and contact information. The Program offers MSc and PhD degrees, with the option to transfer from the MSc into the PhD track during the second year. Review thenon-academic feesrequired to fund various student programs. Events. April 1 (for September start) is the deadline for non-Canadian applicants. Students have to complete aminimum of 16 credit hours, including a thesis. Documents (19) Q&A (2) Textbook Exercises . Job opportunities after the MScBiochemistry and Molecular Biology areBiological Researcher, Clinical Diagnostician, Biochemist, etc and the average salary goes up to 49,000 USD. Welcome to the Archibald Lab in the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada!. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology TongJi Medical College of HUST MD Medical Sciences. Alternate Phone: 416-813-6858. However, dalhousie med school doesn't have any pre reqs; you're only assessed on the MCAT. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 . Biochemistry Departmental Retreat 2022 Our first in person Departmental Retreat in 3 years took place this past week! No matter where you are in your graduate education, the Faculty of Medicine's Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Dalhousie University has a program that suits your current level of expertise. Note: All figures are in Canadian dollars and subject to change. For most subjects, a minor will require a minimum of 18 credit hours beyond the 1000-level in the minor subject in addition to the normal requirements for the major or honours program (no double counting of credit hours). In the event of a discrepancy between the fees approved by the Board and those published on this website, the fees approved by the Board will prevail. Undergraduate admission requirements vary based on your previous education and your intended program of study at Dalhousie. James_R_Brown@sbphrd.com; PMID: 9409149 PMCID: PMC232621 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.61.4.456-502.1997 Abstract Since the late 1970s, determining the phylogenetic relationships among the contemporary domains of life, the Archaea . 1 0 obj For the complete and official list of all fees and charges, visit www.mun.ca/finance/fees/. Dalhousie University is a member of the U15, a group that represents 15 Canadian research universities. Dalhousie University. Christian BLOUIN, Professor (Associate) | Cited by 927 | of Dalhousie University, Halifax (Dal) | Read 76 publications | Contact Christian BLOUIN . Dalhousie University is currently ranked as no. If you are a student who is registered to audit a class and, during the session, you wish to change your registrationto earn academic credit, you must receive approval from the Registrar and pay the additional fees. The structures, properties and metabolic inter-relations . This individual will be an important part of your supervisory committee. Your degree qualifies you for many jobs straight out of school at thetechnical or research assistantlevel, and could lead to exciting career opportunities such as: Future studies may include programs at the graduate level such as a Master of Science (MSc) or PhD in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Documents showing strong ties to their home country. BIOC 5000.06: Special Topics in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology: BIOC 5001.03: Special Topics in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology *BIOC 5010.03: Bioinformatics . U of T Positions: Professor, Departments of Paediatrics and Biochemistry and the Institute of Medical Sciences. Sciences at Dalhousie University. The program involves courses and a thesis and can be completed in two years of full-time study. Minor programs allow students to develop subject specialities, especially ones taught outside their main Faculty, that complement their major or honours subjects. The symposium was chaired by Dr. Larry Fliegel, University of Alberta, and the speakers were Dr. John Orlowski of McGill University, Dr. Jan Rainey of Dalhousie University, Dr. Etana Padan of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Dr. Masa Numata of The University of British . With the addition of Agricultural Campus in 2012, their reach continues to expand beyond Halifax and into other parts of the province. This full-time program provides everything you need to become a well-rounded researcher, including: Our departments collective research strengths include molecular evolution, cell signalling, gene expression and protein chemistry. /FlateDecode >> If a minor is added to a double major or a combined honours program, students may find that they need to take more than 120 credit hours to complete all of their degree requirements. 1.902.494.2211, Last day to pay without late registration fee of $50. RlWEVTz!R2RK!x'2435hoL ~%]R}Eu1q\ >gCJ~|Q'48qO?Ro{Ac43n \Osc_P'{n;HS}o9K"-B$c)}GCo !tk!kEVa+.YF3 Q@o*^1Vg:P;5*Pk$QP9HLJF{=D~uL On September 21st, many of our talented faculty and trainees presented posters at the David Naylor Student Commons. BIOC 311 - Metabolic Biochemistry. Dalhousie offers the only undergraduate (B.Sc.) Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 1.902.494.2211 Agricultural Campus Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada B2N 5E3 1.902.893.6600 . University of Toronto. Contact Us; Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 MSc: $635-$953/semesterPhD: $888/semester, MSc: $826-$1,239/semesterPhD: $1,154/semester, MSc: $1,074-$1,611/semesterPhD: $1,499/semester, Searchable awards and scholarships database, advice on how to search for and contact potential supervisors. Faculty of Health, College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. Before the studentbegins their research work, they will need to find a supervisor who is able to support their research interests and has the capacity to take on the added responsibility. Dalhousie Student Union, 6136 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada (902) 494-2140. School: Dalhousie University * Professor: {[ professorsList ]} Staff * We aren't endorsed by this school. Our research is supported by the technological platforms of structural biology, proteomics and genomics. Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (Co-op) Fees. Or, completed a 3-year undergraduate degreefrom an accredited institution. View PR_week1.pdf from BIOC 2300 at Dalhousie University. Our supportive faculty members offer lots of opportunity to develop your expertise. Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada B2N 5E3 biochemistry uses a specific approach that combines basic principles of chemistry, biology, physics, and mathematics to dissect complex biological processes. PMID: 2497937 DOI: 10.1139/m89-022 Abstract We present a practical description of polyethylene glycol mediated spheroplast transformation of Halobacterium halobium and Halobacterium volcanii. You'll begin with foundation courses in biology and chemistry. 1-902-494-2211, Agricultural Campus Email: aleixo.muise@sickkids.ca. Email: roisin.mcdevitt@dal.ca Check out tuition fees, course rankings, entry requirements, application deadlines, and course reviews. 1-902-494-2211, Agricultural Campus If you think your visa processing will take some time, please apply by March 1. << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 1104 >> End of preview. endobj 1 Department of Biochemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 5850 College Street, Room 9-B1 Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building PO Box 15000 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 Phone: 902-494-2480. In fourth year, you'll have the opportunity to complete an honours project, gaining experience in hands-on laboratory research. Dalhousie University Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 5850 College Street Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2 (902) 494 2536. ry30)9k6 5850 College Street, Room 9-B1 Find out why you should study in Dalhousie University 2023. As part of the Faculty of Science, students will be given the opportunity to collaborate with academics from a wide range of backgrounds. In 2018, Research Infosource ranked Dalhousie 15th on their list of top 50 research universities in Canada, with a sponsored research income (external sources of funding) of $150.038 million in 2017. Dean's List Commerce student at Dalhousie, Faculty of Management, Rowe School of Business. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Width 1384 /Height 510 /Interpolate true In such cases, the student is required to complete the usual registration process. 15 0 obj They may also need a Temporary Resident VISA (TRV) or an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA). BIOC2610_23-P5-prelab.pdf Dalhousie University . Our department is both unique and diverse, with expertise in nutrition, human metabolism, the molecular structure and function of proteins and membranes, and food science, as well as a background in physiology and the molecular etiology of normal and disease conditions ranging from obesity, cardiovascular diseases, neurology, and cancer to gastrointestinal tract biology and immune cell function. endobj Dalhousie University. 1 Department of Biochemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7, Canada. Degree: Bachelor of Science. Research for the thesis is conducted under the guidance of your research supervisor, in whose laboratory you work. << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 5 0 R 5850 College Street, Room 9-B1 To achieve these goals, biochemistry uses a specific approach that combines basic principles ofchemistry,biology,physics, andmathematicsto dissect complex biological processes. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 Learn more aboutInternational Tuition andhealth plan opt-outs. A minor in any subject within the Faculty of Arts and Science will now be available to BSc students. The University of British Columbia . The program involves courses, a comprehensive exam, and a thesis, and can be completed in four years of full-time study. of Our graduate program provides an advanced education with the goal of preparing students for a career in research or other STEM disciplines. When designing your thesis, you should keep in mind that to be successful, it must describe an original contribution to knowledge made while you attended Dalhousie University. About the Department. CHEM 214 - Physical Chem./Biol. Our graduate program provides an advanced education with the goal of preparing students for a career in research or other STEM disciplines. View full document. The interview was conducted by June Penny and was part of a series of interviews with alumni, "Dalhousie Medical School Remembered." It is an on-campus, thesis-based programoffered ona full-time basis. 7.2 /10. Undergraduate Student at Dalhousie University 36 followers 36 connections. M.W.Gray@Dal.Ca; PMID: 10066161 DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5407.1476 Abstract The serial endosymbiosis theory is a favored model for explaining the origin of mitochondria, a defining event in the evolution of eukaryotic cells. Phone: 902-494-2480, Dalhousie University Explore Rankings, Fees, Courses, Scholarships, and Best Universities in Dalhousie University. >> At Dalhousie, youll set yourself up for a career in an emerging field at the forefront of discovery in medicine and biotechnology. Previously earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology with distinction, from Dalhousie University. Join to view profile PwC Canada. 1996: Ph.D. (Biochemistry), Dalhousie University (with Ford Doolittle) 1996-1998: Visiting Scientist, Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, Botany School, University of Melbourne, Australia (with Geoff McFadden) 1998-1999: Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Biology, Indiana University, USA . Posting Number: F453P. Consequently, it makes fundamental contributions to all disciplines concerned with living systems. It is the study of the chemistry of life. . Start by checking out our faculty profiles, then get in touch with them directly. This full-time program provides various facilitiesthat students need to become well-rounded researchers, includinglaboratory work,guided seminar presentations, and group discussion. PhD The PhD is available in Biochemistry or Food Science. Students have to complete and defend a thesis in the last semester of the program. Protein Biochemistry. Studley Campus in Halifax serves as the primary campus; it houses the majority of the university's academic buildings such as faculties, athletic facilities, and the university's Student Union Building. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 1-902-494-2211. 1992: H.B.Sc. Learn from professors who are conducting exciting research in evolutionary and genome biology and the metabolic basis of disease and cancer. Any student wishing to pursue a minor in these subjects should consult with the College of Arts and Science Degree Requirements section of the Undergraduate Calendar as well as the particular subject area of the calendar. About. The DBSS offers a supportive community for biochemistry students to create connections with peers, seek advice from upper year students, and plan fun events! Immunoblotting was used as the primary methodology. Get a head start by searching our faculty by name or research area. Expenses vary depending on the lifestyle of the student and level of enrolment. Given below are the average Dalhousie University tuition fees for international students at the undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels: Average tuition fees for undergraduate programs: $13,844 - $24,036. It is an on-campus, thesis-based program offered on a full-time basis. . To achieve these goals, biochemistry uses a specific approach that combines basic principles of chemistry , biology , physics, and mathematics to dissect complex biological processes. For the MSc in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, you will need: To complete the MSc in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, youll need to: Before you begin, you'll need to find a supervisor who is able to support your research interests and has the capacity to take on the added responsibility. 1-902-494-2211, Agricultural Campus (Genetics), University of Western Ontario. Note: Some non-BIOC courses such as BIOL 2020, BIOL 2030, CHEM 2401 and CHEM 2402 are required for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology degree programs. Department/Unit: Plant, Food and Envir Sciences endstream Leanne B. Ohlund. Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia . 1-902-893-6600, Dalhousie University Dalhousie University. xWr6}Wl/q H $c4}PeVG:w"%@Q>@Ar )P,`xB6r&T.,ZOu4(g|Veg I . Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada B2N 5E3 About. 130 programs offered by Dalhousie University. Newfoundland. Minor in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Departmental requirements: 18 credit hours in advanced level BIOC. Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Botany; Canadian Geotechnical Journal; Canadian Journal of Animal Science; Canadian Journal of Chemistry; 2012 Mid-term 1.pdf. Department of Biochemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7 Natural selection operating within genomes will inevitably result in the appearance of DNAs with no Memorial University also boasts a new state-of-the-art Animal Research Center, modernizing medical research in the province. This programgives you the opportunity to join a small cohort with dedicated resources and support to build a strong foundation in your chosen field before transitioning into your second and final years in Halifax. MSc Candidate in the Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Dalhousie University, Canada | Part of Nutrient Signaling Metabolism Laboratory at DMNB | SRM'21 India. Looking for a potential supervisor? Find information about costs and fees related to staying in residence. Al-Hertani received her Doctor of Medicine degree from Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, followed by the completion of a Clinical Genetics residency . Designations: MD, PhD, FRCPC. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 Bachelor of Science - BS Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. A GPAof at least 3.0/4.33 (B grade)in the last 60 credit hours of study is required to be eligible for the program. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology investigates the relationships of chemical structure to the function of biological compounds. Dalhousie University The average tuition fees range between $9,901 - $34,308 for the different programs and should be paid once in an academic year. 5850 College Street, Room 9-B1 The course prospectuses on this page are intended to be for reference only and may not be for the current year. The cost of the study visa is112 USD and itis valid for the length of thestudy program, plus an extra 90 days. Phone: (902) 494-3998, Dalhousie University It is in a city that I have visited and wanted to live in and it is a very strong research school. Students are required to get a study visato study in Canada. Visit the Academic Calendar to view degree options and course details. Phone: 902-494-2480, Dalhousie University The University offers various degrees in this program that are: The MSc degree in biochemistry and molecular biology can provide you with an excellent foundation for traditionally linked professions such as medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy. A massive thank you . Wan Lam Lab. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 1-902-494-2211. The PMC legacy view will also be available for a limited time. Learn about our admissions requirements, book a campus tour, or connect with an advisor if you have questions about your eligibility for admission. Box 15000 Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 . This preview shows page 1 - 5 out of 5 pages. =a{MQ&0@o$rf=~ Dalhousie University. 348 followers . The goal is to attend med school at Dal. Students must complete an Honours degree in biochemistry and molecular biology or a research-based degree in biology, chemistry, or biomedical sciencesfrom a recognized university. This is a full-time program and typically takes 1-2 years to complete. You must complete a minimum of 16 credit hours, including: You must complete BIOC 9530.06: PhD Thesis and other courses to be determined. Some of my interests include real estate investing and development, debt financing and credit risk, and biotechnology innovation. Study In Canada > Colleges In Canada > Dal > Programs > M.S[Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]. Please note: Courses marked with an asterisk (*) may not be offered every year. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology are the molecular basis of life. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 Located in Nova Scotia, Canada (Mi'kma'ki) with four campuses in Halifax and Truro . Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 BIOC 2300 Introduction to Biochemistry - Dalhousie University . IELTS. Students get the opportunity to study with award-winning professors and world-class researchers. Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry within all living organisms. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 1-902-494-2211. Biochemistry is the study of the molecular events underlying biological processes. With a degree in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, youll study the building blocks of life. Completed a 4-year UG degree with first class in a relevant field from a recognized institution. and graduate (M.Sc. Apply now to work with one of our faculty members who collectively span adiverse range of interests. The Instructor is primarily responsible for the development, delivery, assessment, and continual revision and improvement of the laboratory . Combined honours in Biology and Biochemistry: Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada: MS: 08/2001: Microbiology and Immunology: Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada : MD: 05/2005: . Uploaded By DeanPower9942. vn710173-A1.pdf -. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 Course Title BIOC 2610. Email: bkarten@dal.ca, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 Combined with a four-year degree program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, minor programs are available in the following subject areas. If you're interested in it then I don't see why that wouldn't encourage you to work hard and effectively enough to get into med school. Both Microbiology and Chemistry share in the teaching and administration of the Biochemistry (BSc) program. Students must have awork-study visa to work in Canada. JJv0>LHq5{r:}rA9qHDjjl0 sRQW @k9E>li&rviaz0Aie#Zbe8\Un^M^L)Kz@q*jck A!.>(v"@Gx7KNeP.NYq[CYS CLk$qvxs8jPh6\WNXA/JxSL'tqD"93}T#KjcJjh0$j:?KH7.1z#y It also needs to be valuable enough to merit publication in a reputable scientific journal with a system of external review. Refer to the fee schedules here for an estimate of fees by program and class. PO Box 15000 Indian students are eligible to apply if they meet one of the following eligibility criteria: Along with the minimum eligibility requirements, international students hailing from non-English speaking countries need to prove English proficiency throughIELTS/TOEFL/any equivalent test. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 The Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program provides advanced, research-based education that will prepare students for a career in academic, industrial, or professional positions in British Columbia and beyond. A top scholar is one with a h-index >= 40 in the field of Biology and Biochemistry. The School of Graduate Studies offers advice on how to search for and contact potential supervisors. . and Ph.D.) degree programs in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in the Maritime provinces. >> /Font << /TT1 6 0 R /TT2 7 0 R /TT3 8 0 R /TT4 9 0 R /TT5 10 0 R /TT7 12 0 R and Ph.D.) degree programs in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in the Maritime provinces. Biochemistry is a great major for people who want to do med school, and if you decide you don't want to do med, you're not kindof "stuck" the way you would be from a Med Sci degree! . Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building Graduates can be found working in government, private sector, academic and health-care environments. BIOC 2300 P&R questions - Week 1 The following questions have been provided to assist in understanding of the material. Welcome - Nucleic Acid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology BIOC 3400 Nucleic Acid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology . xw&M,5 C38@00PLKg`Jj:j`:h4I3ya'iH9?GA@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@A@ kxw?/ `?A A@A@A@5KFi ~? # IA 9A@A@A@H=kFi { TE@@A@xA@A@A2 PYK