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[7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. If the head of state serves for life or is not popularly elected or a fixed term, then the democracy is parliamentary.[1]. Like most dictators, they also often employ secret police and violence to silence critics. Based on a "minimalist" theory of democracy, the index relies on rules regarding the existence of competitive elections. Qatar - Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jabr Al-Thani Russia - Vladimir Putin, President of Russia Rwanda - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda Saudi Arabia - King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia Somalia - Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit, President Below are 10 African country that are still under dictatorship. [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. Reading Time: 4 minutes. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. Kim Il-Sung The first leader of the North Korean dictatorship from 1948 until 1994, he established North Korea as a communist state. Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. [8]:456. 2. Binary measure of democracy and dictatorship, Six-fold regime classification scheme and its rules, Comparison with other democracy-measuring data sets, Studies in Comparative International Development, "Minimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense", Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub, and Limongi: Democracy and development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democracy-Dictatorship_Index&oldid=1141715357, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2023, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Latin America experienced a dramatic political change in the last quarter of the twentieth century. In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. These countries maintain parliaments and human rights organizations, but these remain under the control of the countries' respective dictators. [52], Dictatorship is historically associated with the Ancient Greek concept of tyranny, and several ancient Greek rulers have been described as "tyrants" that are comparable to modern dictators. Photo: Lars Klove. Organizations that maintain moral authority with the public, such as the Church, are often the most targeted by infiltration. 5. An autocracy, monarchy, and dictatorship. Since 1945 Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East have been common areas for all military dictatorships. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. 3. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. One person holds all of the country's power. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. in Turkey, Kamal Pasha, established his dictatorship in 1921 and he remained in power till his death in 1938. [40] Personalist dictatorships often collapse with the death of the dictator. Syria - Well, it depends. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. Hybrid dictatorships: What it's like to live under a Dictatorship. Other countries with dictatorships and authoritarian rule, such as Cuba, Syria, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Belarus, could also be considered totalitarian governments. This means that the ruler or party has complete control. They are not even defined terms of art within political science. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. Today, there are only five communist states, some of which are struggling to hold on to communism. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. [citation needed]The typical military dictatorship in Latin America was ruled by a junta (derived from a Spanish word . Africa has several long-standing dictators despite the fact that the continent as a whole is quite volatile politically. Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. In 1989, the Soviet Union was dissolved, and communism was abandoned by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a series of revolutions. This is a list of countries, nations, and states governed or ruled by a dictatorship, is sorted alphabetically and contains some information about each nation, such as the capital, and even the official language or currency of the country. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. He became the 22nd president of Liberia on August 2, 1997 and served until August 11, 2003. Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". [42] Within a personalist regime an issue called "The dictators dilemma" arises. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. [45] Although, when it comes to polling and elections a dictator could use his power to override private preferences. Zimbabwe - 1980 to present - Robert Mugabe. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. On average, they last twice as long as military dictatorships, but not as long as one-party dictatorships. This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 02:19. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). [107] The development of the internet and digital communication in the 21st century have prompted dictatorships to shift from traditional means of control to digital ones, including the use of artificial intelligence to analyze mass communications, internet censorship to restrict the flow of information, and troll farms to manipulate public opinion. Nigeria - 1966 to 1975 - Yakubu Gowon. Nazi and fascist regimes in Europe, Communist single-party states, military juntas in Latin America and . [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. In the latter half of the 20th century, Latin America witnessed a rise in authoritarian regimes across the expanse of the regionoften with multiple dictators following different political . [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. Elections allow a dictatorship to exercise some control over the opposition by setting the terms under which the opposition challenges the regime. 10. [140] Elections are also used to control elites within the dictatorship by requiring them to compete with one another and incentivizing them to build support with the populace, allowing the most popular and most competent elites to be promoted in the regime. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. Below are the world's most authoritarian regimes: 21. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. [73], Dictatorships in Latin America persisted into the 20th century, and further military coups established new regimes, often in the name of nationalism. Its goal is to force compliance by demobilizing or annihilating actors of opposition. Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. Given the degree of censorship and control China's government leverages over its citizens, most political experts would call it a dictatorship. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. 8. Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. Answer (1 of 9): Depends on what you mean by left-wing. The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. Its purpose is to collect information, mobilize society, and induce compliance with the dictatorships directives. There's no room for opposition or . [1]:70. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships.